In the Global Village

1. In the Global Village Ecological Thinking Chapter 9

2. Ecological Footprint • Rate at which ecological resources are used • 1.7 hectares is sustainable • US is at 10.3 • Poor nations use fewer resources and have smaller footprints, with less economic development • Implications?

3. Greening Business • Requires change of perspective or “metanoia” to think ecologically • Holistic and systems thinking • Awareness of interdependencies • Environmental standards • ISO 14000 and ISO 14001 • Progression from Environmental Management System to Sustainable Development

4. Stages of Environmental Awareness in Corporate Citizens • Stage One: Focus on Prevention based on a “command and control” setting • Stage Two: Product Stewardship, minimize pollution and all other sources of environmental impacts • Stage Three: “Clean technology” ; develop technology that is built to last using fewer resources

5. Waste minimization and prevention Demand-side management Design for Environment Product Stewardship Full-cost Accounting Prevent vs control; materials substitution, process modification, recycle, reuse Understand customer needs Produce for dissasembly, upgradability, recyclability Care in design, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal Identify, quantify, and allocate direct and indirect environmental costs of operation Environmental Management Systems

6. Environmental Cost Accounting • Takes into account ecological costs of production, • energy consumed • waste produced • cleanup costs • possible liabilities with production • Similar to lifecycle accounting • Three categories of costs: • failure costs • prevention costs • appraisal costs

7. Inventory Impact Analysis Improvement Analysis An objective, data-based process of quantifying environmental releases incurred throughout the life-cycle of a product, process, or activity A technical, quantitative, and/or qualitative process to characterize and assess the effects of the products identified in inventory. Includes both environmental and human health considerations. A systematic evaluation of opportunities to reduce the environmentalimpact. Life cycle accounting

8. Environmental Audits • Highlight where potential problems exist and improvements can be made • Reports on ecological impacts of corporate citizens • Transparent • Accountable • Environmental audits... • use environmental cost accounting or • life cycle accounting

9. Sustainability Practice • From command and control • Toward market-based incentives that encourage sustainability • Build new businesses, save money, gain competitive advantage

10. Corporate citizens that integrate an environmental perspective... • Differentiate • use processes/products with ecological benefits • Manage competitors • change the rules of society • Save costs • improve environmental performance • Manage environmental risks • Redefine markets

11. CERES Principles • Protection of the biosphere • Sustainable use of natural resources • Reduction and disposal of wastes • Energy conservation • Risk reduction • Safe products and services • Environmental restoration • Informing the public • Management and commitment • Audits and reports

12. Social capital... • Features of social organization • Networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit • What turns “I” into “we”...

13. CLUSTERS • ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY • DRIVE INNOVATION • STIMULATE FORMULATION OF NEW BUSINESS

14. Glocality GOVERNMENT ROLE • Educational institutions • Local infrastructures • Appropriate rules of competition • Providing needed “public goods”