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Chapter 26

Chapter 26. Urinary System. Functions of the Kidneys. Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood pH Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood glucose Excreting wastes. Functions. Regulating blood ionic composition

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Chapter 26

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  1. Chapter 26 Urinary System

  2. Functions of the Kidneys • Regulating blood ionic composition • Regulating blood pH • Regulating blood volume • Regulating blood pressure • Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin • Regulating blood glucose • Excreting wastes

  3. Functions • Regulating blood ionic composition • Regulating blood pH • Regulating blood volume • Regulating blood pressure • Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin • Regulating blood glucose • Excreting wastes

  4. Characteristics of Urine • Volume = 1 to 2 liters / day • Color = yellow or amber (red from beets) • Turbidity = Transparent • Odor = aromatic (asparagus gives another distinct odor) • pH = 4.6 to 8.0 • Specific gravity (density) – more dense with solutes.

  5. Filtered or Reabsorbed Substance Plasma Urine Proteins 200 g 0.1 g Bicarbonate 4.6 g 0 Glucose 3 g 0 Urea 4.8 g 25 g Uric acid 0.15 g 0.8 g Creatinine 0.03 g 1.6 g

  6. Normal Constituents of Urine • Urea – from metabolism of amino acids • Creatinine – from creatine metabolism • Uric acid – from catabolism of nucleic acids • Urobilinogen – breakdown of hemoglobin • Hippuric acid, indican, and ketone bodies • Other substances and inorganic molecules

  7. Abnormal Constituents of Urine • Albuminuria • Glucosuria • Hematuria • Pyuria • Ketonuria (Ketosis) • Bilirubinuria • Casts • Renal calculi • Microbes

  8. Words • Glomerulonephritis (Steptococcus) • Pyelonephritis • Cystitis • Polycystic disease • Renal failure • UTI’s • Azotemia

  9. More Words • Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) • Uremia • Urethritis • Enuresis • Nocturnal enuresis • Micturition • Incontinence

  10. More Words • Lithotripsy • Dysuria • Polyuria • Nocturia • Anuria • Oliguria

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