Write the following speed terms in your journal.

1. Monday, March 17 2014 Warm up • Write the following speed terms in your journal. • Beside each one write what you think each of the terms measure. • Mph - • Knots - • Mach - • Light year - • Warp -

2. Mph miles traveled per hour • Knots time it takes to travel 1 nautical mile per hour • Mach objects speed divided by the speed of sound • Light year distance traveled by light in 1 year • Warp doesn’t exist except on Star Trek – faster than the speed of light

3. Tuesday, March 18, 2013Warm up • Light travels at approximately 18,000,000 km/min. • The sun is approximately 150,000,000 km from Earth. • How many minutes does it take the sun’s energy to travel to Earth ? • Answer using a complete sentence. • Hint: This is a speed problem.

4. What type of measuring unit would we need for distances across space?

5. LightYear How far is far? How fast is fast?

6. What Is It? A light year is the DISTANCE that light will travel, through a vacuum, in 1 year.

7. What is the fastest speed we know? The Speed of Light

8. Modeling a Light Year Read through the procedure. Copy the Data Table in your journal. Assign Jobs: Recorder Walker Timer Measurer Perform the procedure. Calculate your Student Minute Answer the questions in your notebook using complete sentences.

9. WednesdayMarch 19, 2014Warm up Copy the information below and calculate the answers. Light travels at 300,000 km/sec _____________km/min _____________km/hour _____________km/day _____________km/year

10. Speed of Light • c = 300,000 km per second or 186,000 miles per second

11. Speed of Light • To get an idea of how fast this is. . . light can travel about seven times around Earth in one second!

12. How far is a light-minute? 18,000,000 km or 11,160,000 mi A light-hour? 1,080,000,000 km or 669,600,000 mi A light-day? 25,920,000,000 km or 16,070,400,000 mi A light-year? 9,460,800,000,000 km or 5,865,696,000,000 mi

13. Our solar system is about 10 light-hours across. So, how many kilometers across is our solar system?

14. In our local stellar neighborhood, an area of 10 light-years across, there are less than a dozen stars.

15. From our local system, located in one of the Milky Way Galaxy’s spiral arms, it is about 30,000 light-years to the center of the Milky Way.

16. It takes light 100,000 years to travel across the Milky Way Galaxy.

17. The Milky Way and the 31 other galaxies that form the Local Group are all within 3 million light years of each other. Beyond them is a gap of several million light-years before other groups of galaxies are encountered.

18. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. 9.5 trillion kms or 6 trillion mi

19. The symbol for light year is “ly”.

20. Why “ly”? • Light years are used to measure the vast distances in space. • In the universe, the kilometer measure is too small to use.

21. For example, the distance to the next nearest big galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is 21 quintillion km. That's 21,000,000,000,000,000,000 km. This is a number so large that it becomes hard to write, to relate to, and to use in calculations.

22. History Seen • Every time you look at objects in the night sky or the Sun, the light from that object is old. You are looking at history.

23. An Example • It takes 8 light minutes for light leaving the Sun to reach the Earth. • To put this in perspective, if you could drive from the surface of the Sun to the surface of the Earth, it would take you 180 years driving nonstop at 60 mph.

24. Example: Sirius • Sirius, in the constellation Canis Major, is the sky’s brightest star. It is easy to find on winter and spring evenings. • When you look at Sirius, you are looking back in time to see how Sirius looked 8 years ago. The light left the star 8 years ago.

25. ThursdayMarch20, 2014Warm up • When we see the star Betelgeuse in the Orion constellation, we are seeing the light that left that star approximately 640 years ago. • So, what is the distance of Betelgeuse from Earth? • Explain why this is like looking into the past? • Answer in complete sentences!

26. Benchmark 2013 • Passing Standard – 54% • Average Score : 68 • 144 Students Tested/103 • 122 Passed/ 87 • 85% passing rate/ 84

27. Friday Warm upApril 5, 2013 • Warm ups are on the table. • Follow the directions.

28. Read the Big Bang Theory • As you read: • Write in the margins any questions you have • Circle the date of the theory • Highlight the names of the scientists associated with the theory • Underline important concepts of the theory • Highlight the main ideas of the evidences of the theory

29. TuesdayWarm upApril 8, 2013 • Briefly explain your understanding of the big bang theory. Use sentences.

30. THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

31. Expanding Universe Lab Follow the directions. Analyze the data by answering the questions.

32. Analysis of Expanding Universe Lab • 1. Imagine that Location A on the balloon is the Milky Way and the other locations are distant galaxies outside the Local Group. How would you describe the motion of the other galaxies? • 2. How do scientists know if other galaxies in the universe are moving farther away from us? • 3. Is this a good model of the universe? Explain.

33. The Big Bang Theory • 12 – 15 billion years ago matter gathered together under pressure • Hot, dense, ball expanded rapidly • Helium, hydrogen and other gases radiated into space • Gases cooled, collected and formed galaxies • Expansion continues indefinitely eventually becoming cold and dark- Open Universe Theory • Closed Universe Theory – Expansion continues until gravity pulls galaxies back in and another big bang occurs

34. The Oscillating Theory • Universe began with big bang • Will not end • Expands outward and slows down • Will stop and contract back inward • Repeat cycle

35. Steady State Theory • Universe remains constant forever

36. Red ShiftSupport for the Big Bang Theory • Galaxies moving away, waves lengthen - red shift • Galaxies moving toward us, waves shorten – blue shift • Galaxies beyond our Local Group of galaxies show red shift, therefore it is believed that the universe is expanding.

37. Big Bang Theory • Write a paragraph explaining what you understand about the Big Bang Theory. • Include what you think the theory states and why you think it may or may not be true • What you think will happen to the universe in the future • Why you think it is important to study the universe

38. Monday, March 12, 2012 • Focus sheets are on the table. • Read each one. • Copy the answer stem and fill in with the correct answer.

39. Tuesday FocusMarch 13, 2012 • Write the sentence and fill in the blanks. • In my mind, the Universe is_____________________ and is made up of __________________________.

40. Timeline • Develop a timeline for the scientists and their theory of the universe. • Your timeline should include: • Name of the theory • Scientist /s associated with the theory • Even appropriate increments. (count by 50’s or 100’s) • A brief summary of the theory (5-10 words) • Title the timeline. • Use manilla paper • Use a ruler. • Neatness counts.

41. Origins of the Universe Theories • Research project. • 10 theories. • Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted. • Share theories. • Timeline assignment. • Google: name of theory • Thinkquest, pbs, britannica are the best resources to use.

42. Friday, March 9, 2012 • Based on what you read yesterday, write a brief summary of the Big Bang Theory. • Briefly state 2 supports for this theory. • When you finish, pick up your computer and get started.