261108 Present a tion II

1. 261108 Presentation II #11 storyboarding & video production

2. Agenda Introduction Why Video? Defining a Storyboard Storyboarding Production Editing Components Standard Terms Software DEMO References

3. Introduction • What is Video? • Continuous moving image played at speeds of at least 24 frames per second • What is a Storyboard? • Visual sequence of a story laid out in two-dimensions

4. Why Video? • Most natural form of informing or explaining something & conveying an idea • Multimodal Presentation (visual & auditory) • If well planned, can be short, concise & complete • Can be recorded, edited, and replayed multiple times

5. Defining a Storyboard • What is the concept/ idea behind the video? • Clear purpose, solidifies concept • Who is the audience? • Target audience, language, interests • What is it related to? • Overall theme • How and where will it be shown? • Appropriate timing, • How long will it be? • Duration of video (attention span, content amount, psychological factors)

6. Storyboarding • Ideas • Themes/ Inspirations • Identification (Introduction) • Background Overview • Highlight/ Climax • Conclusion • Message

7. Production • Finding the right content • Capturing Video/ Audio content • Digitizing content • Import to software applications • Edit according to storyboard • Previewing and fine adjustments • Export Video to appropriate medium

8. Editing • Importing/ Capturing Video & Audio • Cutting/ Trimming • Transitions • Filters • Music Scores • Sound Effects • Titling/ Labeling • Blue/ Green Screen • Timing/ Pace • Previewing

9. Components • Video Input • Music Score • Script • Dialogue/ Narration • Layout • Timeline • Scene • Clip • Cuts • Frame

10. Standard Terms • COMPRESSION • CODEC • MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) mpeg-1, mpeg-2, mpeg-4, mpeg-7 • AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) • MOV (QuickTime MOVie) • WMV (Windows Media Video) • SWF (Shockwave Flash)

11. Terms Cont. • DVI (Digital Video Interface) • MiniDV • Firewire (IEEE 1394) • PAL, NTSC, SECAM • WIDESCREEN, LETTERBOX, ANAMORPHIC • BITRATE, FRAMERATE

12. Software • Capturing Video/ Audio • MS MovieMaker • Apple iMovie • Adobe Premiere • Propriety Software (Sony, ULead, etc.) • Editing Video/ Audio • (all of above) • Adobe AfterEffects

13. DEMO • Introduction to Adobe Premiere • Capturing Video from a Camcorder • Importing Videos • Arranging Videos in timeline • Applying transitions • Applying filters • Adding titles, labels, dialogues • Previewing clips • Exporting options

14. References • http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary • Halas, J. (1976). Visual Scripting. Focal Press Limited. London. • Adobe Premiere Help

15. Addendum • COMPRESSION – Compressing digital data means removing redundancies so that it takes up less space. There are two main forms of compression, lossy and lossless. Lossless compression only takes away a certain amount of data so that it can be returned to its original complete state. Lossy compression however, will sacrifice more data to produce better compression. MPEG-4 is a lossy compression that can keep high quality but can reduce the amount of space a video file needs tremendously. • MPEG – (Motion Picture Experts Group). A committee of experts from the audio, video, and computer industries developing an evolving series of standards for compression of moving images. Files encoded using this standard are referred to as MPEG files. MPEG-1 is a low-resolution format currently used on the World Wide Web for short animated files. MPEG-2 is a much higher resolution format being developed for digital television and movies. • MPEG-1 (Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s. MPEG-1 video compression method tries to use previous frame's information in order to reduce the amount of information the current frame requires.) • MPEG-2 (MPEG-2 is meant for high-bandwidth/broadband usage. Most commonly MPEG-2 is used in digital TVs, DVD-Videos and in SVCDs.) • MPEG-4 (Latest compression method standardized by MPEG group, designed specially for low-bandwidth (less than 1.5MBit/sec bitrate) video/audio encoding purposes.) • MPEG-7 (MPEG-7 doesn't itself offer any new encoding features and it is not meant for representing audio/video content, unlike its siblings MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. Instead, it offers metadata information for audio and video files, allowing searching and indexing of a/v data based on the information about the content instead of searching the actual content bitstream.) • AVI - (Audio Video Interleaved ) – An AVI file is a sound and motion picture file that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) specification. AVI files (which end with an .avi extension) require a special player that may be included with your Web browser. Video quality can be very good at smaller resolutions, but files tend to be rather large. • MOV – (QuickTime MOVie) – is a file extension found on the World Wide Web that denotes a movie or video file in QuickTime format. Developed by Apple Computer for viewing moving images. • WMV - (Windows Media Video) –WMV is a generic name of Microsoft's video encoding solutions. • SWF – (Shockwave Flash) - Macromedia Flash file format • DVI – (DVI, Digital Video Interface) – DVI is a specification created by the Digital Display Working Group. The DVI specification has created an uniform connector that can accommodate both, digital and analog video signal. DVI has three subsets: DVI-A, for analog signals, DVI-D, for digital signals, and DVI-I (integrated), for both analog and digital signals. • FIREWIRE (IEEE 1394) – FireWire is a friendlier, "marketing" name for technology known as IEEE.1394. FireWire is basically a competitor to USB technology, beating the original USB1.x hands down in transfer speeds, etc. FireWire is widely used in Apple computers and also virtually all of the digital camcorders are equipped with FireWire ports.

16. Addendum 2 • PAL – (Phase Alternating Line) – TV standard was introduced in the early 1960's in Europe. It has better resolution than in NTSC, having 625 lines/frame, but the framerate is slightly lower, being 25 frames/sec. PAL is used in most of the western European countries (except France, where SECAM is used instead), Australia, some countries of Africa, some countries of South America and in some Asian countries. There are various versions of PAL, most commonly used method is called PAL B/G, but others include PAL I (used in the UK and in Ireland) and PAL M (weird hybrid standard, which has the same resolution as NTSC has, but uses PAL transmission and color coding technology anyway). All of these standards normally work nicely together, but audio frequencies might vary and therefor you should check that your appliances work in the country you're planning to use them (older PAL B/G TVs can't decode UK's PAL I audio transmissions even that the picture works nicely). • NTSC - Color TV standard developed in the U.S. in 1953 by National Television System Committee. NTSC is used in United States, Canada, Japan, in most of the American continent countries and in various Asian countries. NTSC runs on 525 lines/frame and it's vertical frequency is 60Hz. NTSC's framerate is 29,97 frames/sec. • SECAM - (Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire or Sequential Colour with Memory) – SECAM color TV standard was introduced in the early 1960's and implemented in France. SECAM uses the same bandwidth as PAL but transmits the colour information sequentially. SECAM runs on 625 lines/frame with the same framerate as the PAL does, 25fps. • CODEC – Codec stands for Coder/Decoder. Basically it is a piece of software or a driver that adds a support for certain video/audio format for your operating system. With codec, your system recognizes the format the codec is built for and allows you to play the audio/video file (=decode) or in some cases, to change another audio/video file into that format (=(en)code). • ANAMORPHIC – Anamorphic filming technique was developed to make widescreen movies using 4:3 film. An anamorphic lens distorts the image picked up by the camera before it reaches the film. By using a similar lens when projecting the film back on screen, the correct, intended aspect ratio is restored. • WIDESCREEN – Video material produced in wider aspect ratio than the standard TV ratio (4:3, or 1.33:1) is commonly referred to as widescreen video. In general anything with an aspect ratio above 1.66:1 can be considered widescreen. • LETTERBOX – Movies, for instance, are almost always made in widescreen format. A widescreen movie needs to be displayed on a screen with different aspect ratio from the original film, the picture frame needs to be letterboxed. Letterboxing means adding black borders above and below the original frame. • BITRATE – Very often used when speaking of video or audio quality -- defines how much physical space one second of audio or video takes in bits (note: not in bytes). For example: 3 minutes of MP3 audio in 128kbit/sec CBR bitrate takes 2.81 megabytes of physical space (1,024 x 128 / 1,024 / 1,024 x 180 / 8). • FRAMERATE – A framerate defines how many pictures eg. frames one second of video or audio contains, normally used acronym for framerate is fps - frames per second. Human eye can't see picture changes after the framerate is more than ~24fps. In American TV system NTSC the framerate is appx. 29.97fps and in European PAL system the framerate is 25fps.