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NIH-Supported Research Training at the Post-Doctoral Career Stage

NIH-Supported Research Training at the Post-Doctoral Career Stage. Rod Ulane, PhD NIH Research Training. 4 October 2011 National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC. Approximate Numbers of Individuals in Research Training Supported with NIH Funds 2010.

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NIH-Supported Research Training at the Post-Doctoral Career Stage

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  1. NIH-Supported Research Training at the Post-Doctoral Career Stage Rod Ulane, PhD NIH Research Training 4 October 2011 National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC

  2. Approximate Numbers of Individuals in Research Training Supported with NIH Funds 2010

  3. NIH ‘Formal’ Research Training at the Postdoctoral Level • Individual Fellowship Awards (F32) • Awarded to Fellow • 3 Years Maximum • US Citizens • Institutional Awards (T32) • Awarded to Institution; Programmatic Approach • 3 Years Maximum ‘appointment’ • US Citizens • Transition Awards (K99/R00) • 2 Phases: Mentored (post-doc); Independent (Faculty Appointment

  4. Kirschstein-NRSA training grants and fellowships Pre- and Post-Doctoral full-time training positions awarded

  5. Demographics of NIH-Supported PhD Recipients • Median Time to Degree for Trainees6.3 years • Trainees Completing Their Degrees Within Ten Years74.9% • Median Age at Ph.D.30 • Gender •    Female 54.6% •    Male 45.4% • Race/Ethnicity •    American Indian/Alaska Native 0.6% •    Asian/Pacific Islander 10.5% •    African American 7.0% •    Hispanic 6.8% •    White 71% •    Other (including multi-race) 3.2% •    Unknown 1.0%

  6. Plans of NIH-Supported PhD Recipients Post-Graduation Plans Definite Plans for a Post-doc 47.2%  Definite Plans for Employment 14.5%  Indefinite 21.9%  Other 16.3% Percent Married at Ph.D. Female 44.3%   Male 48.4% Percent with Children at Ph.D.  Female 16.3%   Male 19.2%

  7. Kirschstein-NRSA post-doctoral fellowships (F32s) Applications, awards, and success rates

  8. Postdoctoral F32 Recipients’ Outcomes Within 10 years of completing their fellowship*: *1998-2008

  9. The K99/R00 Award Since Its Inception *Success Rate

  10. K99/R00 Awards in 2010

  11. Early Analysis of K99 Program • The median age at the time of K99 application was 34 years; MD and MD/PhD awardees were 1-3 years older. • The median years from degree at the time of K99 application was 4 reflecting the large percentage of K99 awardees who have PhDs. • For FY2007 and 2008 awardees, the median duration of the K99 phase was 22 months (defined as the time from start of the K99 award to the issuance of the R00 award). The committee recognizes that this definition probably overestimates the true duration because it is likely to include delays at the NIH in issuing R00 awards. The range of K99 duration was 6-50 months for FY2007 awards and 5-31 months for FY2008 awards. • The vast majority of FY2007 (93%) and 2008 (82%) K99 awardees transitioned to the R00 phase. Most K99s transitioned to the R00 phase at an institution different from the K99 institution (FY2007, 75%; FY2008, 64%). However, MD and MD/PhD K99 awardees were less likely to move to a different institution for the R00 phase. • R01s: 51% of the FY2007 K99 awardees had applied for R01s as of April 2011 when the data set was generated, and 14% had been awarded R01s. The median age at receipt of the R01 was 37 years, with a median of 7 years from terminal degree at the time of R01 receipt. 21% of the FY2008 K99 awardees had applied for R01s as of April 2011 when the data set was generated, and 4% had been awarded R01s. The median age at receipt of the R01 was 37 years, with a median of 7 years from terminal degree at the time of R01 receipt. • We compared the median age and median years from degree for NIH R01 equivalent (R01 and DP2) awards for early-stage investigators in FY2010. Overall the median age for ESIs was 39 years, and these ESIs were 8 years from their terminal degree at the time of award.

  12. Postdoctorates, by citizenship and degree

  13. Primary source of support for postdoctorates

  14. Primary source of support for postdoctorates in the biomedical sciences

  15. Recent Developments

  16. NIH Director's Early Independence Award • Highly selective for PhDs, MD/PhDs, or MDs who are ready for independent work upon completion of the doctorate degree or residency • $250,000 per year • Independent Position • Institution Must Provide Outstanding Supportive Environment • Candidates/Institution Must Represent Excellent Match • Only 2 applications per Institution

  17. The All Personnel Report: Getting a better picture of the Biomedical Research Workforce • NIH adopted a new approach to reporting on research personnel two years ago • The Senior/Key Personnel component in the Progress Report became the All Personnel Report and: • Collects information on all personnel involved in a research project for one month or more of effort • Requires User ID numbers for PD/PIs and post-docs in the NIH ‘Commons’ master registry

  18. Rod Ulane ulanere@od.nih.gov

  19. Issues of Concern • Diversity in the Biomedical Workforce

  20. Enrollment and Degrees by Race/Ethnicity/Citizenship, 2007 Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation: America's Science and Technology Talent at the Crossroads, The National Academies, September 30, 2010; Freeman Hrobowski, Chair, Study Committee

  21. Primary source of federal support for full-time graduate students in the biomedical sciences

  22. Diversity: K-12 Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups July 2010 National Center for Education Statistics U.S. Department of Education

  23. Educational Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups Reading Achievement Levels by NAEP* Percentage Scoring Below Basic** *National Assessment of Educational Progress Exam **Data from: Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups, P 57, July, 2010.

  24. Educational Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups Percent of ACT Test-Taking Population Meeting ‘College Readiness’ Benchmark Scores in the areas of English, Math, Reading, and Science*: White 27% African Americans 3% Hispanics 10% Asian-Americans 33% American Indians 11% *Data from: Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups, P 87, July, 2010.

  25. Other Issues of Concern • Sustainability of ‘the system’ • Purpose and Outcomes of Research Training in 2010 and Beyond • Retention of Clinician and Physician Scientists in Academic Medicine • What Disciplinary, and what inter-, cross- and trans-disciplinary Training Should Be Initiated and how • Who’s in Charge?

  26. The GREAT GroupNew OrleansOctober 23, 2010 Thank You Rod Ulane ulanere@od.nih.gov

  27. Primary mechanisms of graduate support in the biomedical sciences

  28. Graduate enrollment among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity

  29. Research Training and Career Development Support 2010 Formal Training/Career Awards Research Awards Career Stage Pre-Bac Institutional Training Grant (T34) Pre-Bac GRADUATE/ MEDICAL STUDENT Predoctoral Institutional Training Grant (T32) Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31) Predoctoral Individual MD/PhD NRSA (F30) Training and Career Development on RPGs and Supplements Postdoctoral Institutional Training (T32) Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32) $783M POST DOCTORAL $688M NIH Pathway to Independence (PI) Award (K99/R00) Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) Mentored Patient-Oriented RCDA (K23) Mentored Quantitative RCDA (K25) EARLY Small Grant (R03) Research Project Grant (R01) Independent Scientist Award (K02) CAREER MIDDLE Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) Exploratory/Develop-ment Grant (R21) SENIOR Senior Scientist Award (K05) 29

  30. Postdoctorates, by citizenship and gender

  31. Primary source of support for postdoctorates in the behavioral and social sciences

  32. Research Project Grants Applications, awards, and success rates

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