Foundations of Government

1. Foundations of Government Essential Question: What ideas and events laid the foundation for the American Revolution?

2. Important European Ideas • Magna Carta • Document signed by the King of England in 1215 • 1st limit to his power

3. Important European Ideas • 1stlimit to his power • Guaranteed some basic rights: • Trial by jury • King could not tax without permission from Parliament

4. Important European Ideas • King could not tax without permission from Parliament • Enlightenment • Period of great ideas in Europe that influenced American ideas on government Francis Bacon

5. Important European Ideas • Period of great ideas in Europe that influenced American ideas on government • English Bill of Rights • Expanded the ideas of the Magna Carta • Further limited the power of the English monarchy • Increased rights of citizens

6. Important European Ideas • Further limited the power of the English monarchy • Increased rights of citizens William and Mary

7. Important European Ideas • Increased rights of citizens • John Locke • English thinker • Humans have 3 natural rights: • Life • Liberty • Property

8. Important European Ideas • Life • Liberty • Property • Social contract • Agreement between people and the government • If the government fails to protect the people’s rights, the people have the right (or duty) to change it or overthrow it

9. Important European Ideas • If the government fails to protect the people’s rights, the people have the right (or duty) to change it or overthrow it • Baron de Montesquieu • French thinker Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu

10. Important European Ideas • Baron de Montesquieu • French thinker • Separation of powers into 3 branches of government

11. French thinker • Separation of powers into 3 branches of government Colony • Definition: a territory established by a nation to increase its wealth

12. Colony • Definition: a territory established by a nation to increase its wealth • Reasons English citizens moved to North American colonies: • Financial • Religion

13. Colony • Financial • Religion • To start a new life

14. Religion • To start a new life Pilgrims • Sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620

15. Pilgrims • Sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620 • Signed the Mayflower Compact • Agreed to majority rule • Helped establish the idea of self-government in the colonies

16. Helped establish the idea of self-government in the colonies French and Indian War (1754-1763) • Britain v. France • Each side had Native American allies Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea), Mohawk leader—ally to the British French negotiating with Huron allies

17. French and Indian War (1754-1763) • Britain v. France • Each side had Native American allies • Fighting for control of North America

18. French and Indian War (1754-1763)

19. French and Indian War (1754-1763) Tanacharison, the “Half King” Battle of Jumonville Glen

20. French and Indian War (1754-1763) Fort Necessity Surrendered to the French: July 4, 1754

21. Gen. Edward Braddock Braddock’s death Battle of the Monongahela

23. French and Indian War (1754-1763) • Fighting for control of North America • Part of a worldwide war between European nations called the Seven Years’ War

24. French and Indian War (1754-1763) • Part of a worldwide war between European nations called the Seven Years’ War • British victory • Gained control over all territory east of the Mississippi River • Very expensive war