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Analysis of Electric Circuits

Analysis of Electric Circuits. Electric Circuit. Electric Circuit An interconnection of simple electrical devices with at least one closed path in which current may flow. Circuit Elements. Active Elements Voltage and Current sources Passive Elements

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Analysis of Electric Circuits

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  1. Analysis of Electric Circuits

  2. Electric Circuit Electric Circuit • An interconnection of simple electrical devices with at least one closed path in which current may flow Circuit Elements • Active Elements • Voltage and Current sources • Passive Elements • Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  3. Review topics Circuit Elements Basic Circuit Elements Active Elements Passive Elements Sources • Resistors • Inductors • Capacitors Dependent sources Independent sources Voltage sources Current sources Ideal (DC) Current source Practical (DC) Current source Ideal (DC) Voltage source Practical (DC) Voltage source Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  4. Passive Elements • Resistance (R): • Property of opposition to flow of current • The voltage across the resistor is proportional to the current flowing through it • VR = IR • ‘R’ = VR/I • Unit - Ohm Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  5. Passive Elements • Inductance (L): • Property of opposition to the rate of change of current • The voltage induced in the inductor is proportional to the rate of change of current flowing through it • eL = L (di/dt) = N (dФ/dt) • L = N (dФ/di) • Unit – Henry (H) Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  6. Passive Elements • Capacitance (C): • Property which opposes the rate of change of voltage • The capacitive current is proportional to the rate of change of voltageacross it • ic = C (dv/dt) • Unit – Farad (F). Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  7. Ideal Nature • Property of the element which does the intended work only • ideal voltage source maintains a prescribed voltage regardless of the current in the device. Internal resistance Rs = 0 • ideal current source maintains a prescribed current regardless of the voltage across the device. Internal resistanceRs = ∞ • ideal resistor constraints its voltage and current to be proportional to each other. (v = iR; Ohm’s law) Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  8. Ideal Sources • Independent Voltage & Current Source: Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  9. Practical Sources • Independent Voltage & Current Sources Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  10. R + s a + V - s b - + a I R p p b - Source Transformation • Conversion of Practical Voltage source to Current source & vice versa • Voltage & Current sources shown in the figure are electrically equivalent if • Vs = Ip * Rp or (Ip = Vs/Rs) • Rs = Rp Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  11. Example-Source Transformation Using Source transformation, convert the circuit shown in Fig (Q3) to a practical current source. Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  12. Dependent Sources: Voltage Controlled: Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS) Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS) Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

  13. Dependent Sources: Current Controlled: Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS) Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS) Dept of E & E Engg, MIT Manipal

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