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ІМ ќ INSTITUT MATEMATIK K E J U R U T E R A A N U N I M A P. Business Statistics (BQT 173). PM Abdull Halim Abdul Institut Matematik Kejuruteraan Universiti Malaysia Perlis. ІМ ќ INSTITUT MATEMATIK K E J U R U T E R A A N U N I M A P.
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ІМќ INSTITUT MATEMATIK K E J U R U T E R A A N U N I M A P Business Statistics (BQT 173) PM Abdull Halim Abdul Institut Matematik Kejuruteraan Universiti Malaysia Perlis
ІМќ INSTITUT MATEMATIK K E J U R U T E R A A N U N I M A P Business Statistics (BQT 173) Statistics and Data
What is statistics? Basically it is the study of managing data i.e • How to collect data? • How to display the data? • How to analyse the data? Abdull Halim Abdul
Brief history of data collection. • In ancient civilisation (Egyption, Greek and Roman), data on population were collected mainly for the purpose of taxation and warfare. • In 762 data on “description of church-owned properties” were collected by Charlemagne. • In 1068, “Domesday Book” were published. A record of ownership, extend and the value of lands in England. • In the mid of 16th century France started to record the birth, marriage and death of her populations. Abdull Halim Abdul
Type Of Data • Qualitative Data • What is qualitative data? • Quantitative Data • What is quantitative data? Abdull Halim Abdul
Data collection processes • How the data is measured? • How the data is observed? • How the data is collected? Abdull Halim Abdul
Data collection processes • How the data is measured? • Instruments used. • Scale used • Norminal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio Abdull Halim Abdul
Data collection processes • How the data is observed? • Survey • Interview • Questionnaires • Observations • Experiment Abdull Halim Abdul
Data collection processes • How the data is collected? • Census survey • Sampling • Probabilistics sampling • Simple random sampling • Systematic random sampling • Cluster random sampling • Stratified random sampling • Nonprobabilistics sampling • Convinience sampling • Snowball sampling. Abdull Halim Abdul
What to do to the data. • Exploratory data analysis • Summaries the data • Display the data Example • Statistical analysis. • Test for the hypotheses. • Modelling the relationships between variables • Correlation. Abdull Halim Abdul
ІМќ INSTITUT MATEMATIK K E J U R U T E R A A N U N I M A P Business Statistics (BQT 173) Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics How the data is described? • Tabular & Graphical Presentation • Numerical Measures (Statistic) Abdull Halim Abdul
Summarizing Qualitative Data Qualitative data are displayed in tabular and charts. Example Abdull Halim Abdul
Summarizing Quantitative Data Quantitative data are displayed in tabular* and graph. Example *frequency distribution or stem and leaf Abdull Halim Abdul