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PREDICTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IOPs ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF

PREDICTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IOPs ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF. W. Paul Bissett Florida Environmental Research Institute John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, and Jason Jolliff Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida. Contributors to the Presentation.

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PREDICTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IOPs ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF

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  1. PREDICTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IOPs ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF W. Paul Bissett Florida Environmental Research Institute John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, and Jason Jolliff Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida

  2. Contributors to the Presentation • This work presented here is part of a larger program to predict Inherent and Apparent Optical Properties (IOPs and AOPs) in the coastal ocean (ONR HyCODE program) and the Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (ONR/NSF/NOAA/EPA ECOHAB). • Field data provided by – • R. Arnone, Naval Research Laboratory-Stennis Space Center • T. Hopkins & T. Sutton, University of South Florida • G. Kirkpatrick, Mote Marine Laboratory • S. Lohrenz, University of Southern Mississippi • R. Weisberg, University of South Florida

  3. Red Tides on the West Florida Shelf Gymnodinium breve Breve-toxin causes fish kills and respiratory ailments. In 1996, an extended G. breve bloom was implicated in the deaths of 149 manatees off west coast of Florida.

  4. West Florida Shelf (WFS) ECOHABControl Volume

  5. EcoSim 1.0 Review • four functional groups of phytoplankton • heterotrophic and chemolithic bacteria • two forms of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen • spectral light (5 nm resolution) • differential (non-redfield) carbon and nitrogen cycling • grazing, sinking, and excretion • particulate remineralization • nitrification and nitrogen-fixation • surface gas exchange • colored dissolved organic carbon cycling

  6. Air/Sea CO2 Dust Physical Mixing and Advection Light N2 Iron CO2 NH4 NO3 PO4 SiO4 Relict DOM Pro- Chloro-coccus Coastal Diatoms Pelagic Diatoms Dino- flagellate Tricho-desmium Synecho- coccus G. breve Excreted DOM Lysed DOM Hetero- Flagellet Viruses Copepod Ciliates Bacteria Sediment Detritus Predator Closure EcoSim 2.0 Formulation

  7. EcoSim 2.0 Formulation • Transition from 1- to 3-dimensional coding. • Addition of phosphorous, silica, and iron as limiting nutrients. • All POM and DOM state variables are independent, allowing for “non-Redfield” stoichiometry. • Addition of 3 new phytoplankton functional groups. • Coastal diatoms, coastal dinoflagellates, and G. breve. • Living particulate detritus absorption addition to phytoplankton inherent optical properties (IOPs). • New CDOM cycling dynamics. • Color is now conserved and assumed to be recalcitrant to bacterial remediation. • Bottom boundary claims all fluxing particulate material. • Sediment chlorophyll a can be as high as overlying waters.

  8. EcoSim Light Model For each depth interval light attenuation c(l,t) = a(l,t) + b(l,t) absorption a(l,t) = awater(l) + aphyto(l) + aCDOM(l) + ased(l) scattering b(l,t) = bwater(l) + bphyto(l) + bCDOM(l) + bsed(l) backscattering bb(l,t) = bb,water(l) + bb,phyto(l) + bb,CDOM(l) + bb,sed(l) geometric structure of light md(l) = fxn[b(l,t),c(l ,t), m0(l)] diffuse light attenuation Kd(l) = [a(l,t) + bb(l ,t)]/md(l)] water leaving radiance to a satellite Lu(l) = fxn[a(l,t),b(l ,t), bb(l ,t),Ed(l,t), md(l), md(l), mu(l)]

  9. West Florida Shelf (WFS) Florida Middle Grounds ECOHABControl Volume

  10. Aerial Photograph of TrichodesmiumSt. Petersburg Beach, FL July 7, 1995 Trichodesmium Bloom

  11. Location of G. breve October 2000

  12. Location of G. breve October 2000

  13. Mooring Locations on WFSOcean Circulation Group (http://ocg6.marine.usf.edu/)R. Weisberg USF

  14. September 1998

  15. October 1998

  16. November 1998

  17. December 1998

  18. 2-Dimensional Representation of WFS

  19. High Resolution Sampler (HRS)T. Hopkins & T. Sutton (USF)September 22-23, 1998

  20. Mote Marine EcoHAB CruiseG. Kirkpatrick September 22, 1998

  21. EcoSim 2.0 Nutrients (Day 270)

  22. EcoSim 2.0 Phytoplankton Carbon (Day 270)

  23. EcoSim 2.0 Chlorophyll a (Day 270)

  24. EcoSim Phytoplankton C:N Ratio (Day 270)

  25. EcoSim 2.0 Particulate and CDM Absorption412 and 487 nm (Day 270)

  26. EcoSim 2.0 Absorption and Diffuse Attenuation412 and 487 nm (Day 270)

  27. EcoSim 2.0Predicted Particulate Absorption (Day 270) 9 m, near-shore Chl a = 1.34 mg m-3 2 m, near-shore Chl a = 1.61 mg m-3 Chl a = 0.95 mg m-3 (>3 micron) Measured Absorption aph(l) S. Lohrenz (USM) October 1998

  28. EcoSim 2.0Predicted Particulate Absorption (Day 270) 1 m, off-shore Chl a = 0.18 mg m-3 3 m, off-shore Chl a = 0.14 mg m-3 Chl a = 0.14 mg m-3 (>3 micron) Measured Absorption aph(l) S. Lohrenz (USM) October 1998

  29. EcoSim 2.0Predicted Particulate Absorption (Day 270) 39 m, off-shore Chl a = 0.46 mg m-3 68 m, off-shore Chl a = 0.45 mg m-3 Chl a = 0.38 mg m-3 (>3 micron) Measured Absorption aph(l) S. Lohrenz (USM) October 1998

  30. EcoHAB Process CruiseG. Kirkpatrick (MML) October 5 – 12, 1998

  31. SeaWiFS Kd(490) CalculationOctober 6, 1998 B. Arnone (NRL-Stennis) m-1 5.00 1.25 0.31 0.08 0.02

  32. SeaWiFS (SeaBAM) Chlorophyll aOctober 6, 1998 B. Arnone (NRL-Stennis) m-1 45.0 7.61 1.32 0.23 0.04

  33. EcoSim 2.0 Nutrients (Day 306)

  34. EcoSim 2.0 Phytoplankton Carbon (Day 306)

  35. EcoSim 2.0 Chlorophyll a (Day 306)

  36. EcoSim 2.0 Absorption and Diffuse Attenuation412 and 487 nm (Day 306)

  37. Mote Marine EcoHAB CruiseG. Kirkpatrick November 23, 1998

  38. EcoSim 2.0 Phytoplankton Carbon (Day 324)

  39. EcoSim 2.0 Chlorophyll a (Day 324)

  40. EcoSim 2.0 Absorption and Diffuse Attenuation412 and 487 nm (Day 324)

  41. EcoHAB Process CruiseG. Kirkpatrick November 16-19, 1998

  42. EcoSim 2.0 Phytoplankton Carbon (Day 324)Reduced Grazing Pressure on G. breve

  43. Summary • EcoSim 2.0 appears to generate reasonable IOP predictions across the West Florida Shelf in 1998. • But freshwater fluxes are critical to near-shore predictions of IOPs. • Reconstruction of phytoplankton absorption spectral from pigment specific absorption yields errors in the blue. • G. breve populations are minimal at all times during the year, including Loop Current intrusions. • Only way to get G. breve bloom is to increase nutrients without Si and reduce grazing. • Nitrogen-fixation may yield excess N, but is phosphorous limited in shelf waters.

  44. Movies Nutrients Phytoplankton Carbon Chlorophyll a Particulate and CDM Absorption Total Absorption and Diffuse Attenuation

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