Module 8: Using Active Directory Sites to Manage Replication Traffic

1. Module 8: Using Active Directory Sites to Manage Replication Traffic

2. Overview • Active Directory Sites • Implementing Sites • Planning for Sites

3. Active Directory Sites • The Role of Sites in Active Directory Replication • How Active Directory Uses Site Information • Intra-Site Replication • Intra-Site Replication Topology • Inter-Site Replication • Inter-Site Replication Topology

4. The Role of Sites in Active Directory Replication • Sites Control • Workstation logon traffic and replication traffic • Distributed file system (Dfs) topology • Sites Can Contain • All domain controllers in a single domain • Some of the domain controllers in a single domain • Domain controllers from different domains • Sites Consist of Server Objects • First Site Is Set Up Automatically

5. How Active Directory Uses Site Information • The KCC Generates a Replication Topology • Client Computers Use Site Information to Find Nearby Domain Controllers for Logon Operations • Helps Find the Closest Computer That Offers a Network or a Third-party Service

6. Intra-Site Replication Domain Controller Domain Controller Domain Controller • Replication BetweenDomain Controllersin the Same Site • Avoids UnnecessaryTraffic Though ChangeNotification Mechanism • Security-Sensitive Changes Immediately Replicated Intra-Site Replication Domain Controller Domain Controller

7. Intra-Site Replication Topology Domain Controller Domain Controller • Intra-Site Replication Topology Can Be Automatically Generated • A Single Replication Topology Can Handle All Replication Traffic Domain Controller Intra-Site Replication Domain Controller Domain Controller

8. Inter-Site Replication Domain Controller Domain Controller Domain Controller Inter-Site Replication Site 1 Domain Controller Domain Controller Domain Controller Domain Controller Domain Controller Site 2 Domain Controller Domain Controller

9. Inter-Site Replication Topology • Create Site Links to Connect Domain Controllers in Different Sites • Bridgeheads Link Replicas That Span Multiple Sites

10. Implementing Sites • Using Active Directory Sites and Services • Understanding Site Links • Site Link Costs • Creating Site Link Bridges

11. Using Active Directory Sites and Services • Create Sites • Create Subnets • Group Subnets Within Sites • Move Servers Into Sites • Create Site Links • Create Site Link Bridges

12. Understanding Site Links • Site Link Components • Transport • Transport • Cost • Schedule • Connected by Different Network Technologies • Site Links Use a Specific Inter-site Transport

13. Site Link Costs • Represents the Priority of Replication Traffic Between the Sites Identified in the Site Link • Higher Cost Numbers Represent Lower Priority Replication Paths • Control Topology by Setting the Costs on Site Links • Control the Replication Frequency by Setting the Number of Minutes Between Replication Attempts • Control Link Availability Using the Schedule onSite Links

14. Creating Site Link Bridges Site Link Bridge XYZ Site X Site Y Site Link XY Site Z Site Link YZ

15. Planning for Sites • Placing Domain Controllers and Global Catalog Servers • Determining Connectivity and Available Bandwidth • Planning Sites to Control Workstation Logon Traffic • Planning Sites to Control Replication Traffic • Controlling Both Logon and Replication Traffic • Planning Single Master Operations Server Placement

16. Placing Domain Controllers and Global Catalog Servers • Placement of Domain Controllers • Should respond to client requests quickly • Capable of supporting the number of objects • Domain controller in each site that contains users or computers of that domain • Placement of Global Catalog Servers • Must have the capacity to hold partial replicas of all domain objects • Place global catalog server at small sites

17. Determining Connectivity and Available Bandwidth • Only Subnets That Are Considered Fast, Inexpensive, and Reliable Should Be Combined into a Site • Consider Controlling Replication Traffic and Logon Requests • An Important Consideration Is Available Bandwidth

18. Planning Sites to Control Workstation Logon Traffic • Use Sites to Control Which Domain Controller Each Workstation Should Use to Log On • Design Sites That Mirror the Organization’s Topology of Fast Network Connections • Design Sites So That Only Specific Domain Controllers Are in the Same Site As the Workstation • Multiple Sites at a Single Physical Location

19. Planning Sites to Control Replication Traffic • Use Sites to Control When and How Replication Occurs • Consider How Much Replication Traffic Will Be on the Network • The Amount of Expected Changes in a Directory Will Have an Affect on the Amount of Data to Be Replicated

20. Controlling Both Logon and Replication Traffic • Create a Site Structure That Provides Balance • Carefully Examine Each of the Network Links Between Locations • Determine Whether the Link Should Be Utilized for Logon Traffic or Replication Traffic

21. Planning Single Master Operations Server Placement • Designate a Standby Operations Master • Separate RID and PDC Emulator Operations Masters in Large Domains • Separate Infrastructure Operations Master from Global Catalog Server • Plan Per Forest Roles After Per Domain Roles • Perform Role Transfer • Respond to an FSMO Failure

22. Lab A: Creating a Site

23. Lab B: Configuring SMTP Replication

24. Lab C: Planning a Site Structure

25. Review • Active Directory Sites • Implementing Sites • Planning for Sites