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The Appendicular Skeleton

8. The Appendicular Skeleton. Repition…. Repition…. Repition…. Repition…. Repition…. I. The Appendicular Skeleton. A. Pectoral girdle B. Pelvic girdle C. Upper and lower limbs. II. The Pectoral Girdle. A. clavicle B. scapula

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The Appendicular Skeleton

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  1. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

  2. Repition….Repition….Repition…. Repition….Repition….

  3. I. The Appendicular Skeleton A. Pectoral girdle B. Pelvic girdle C. Upper and lower limbs

  4. II. The Pectoral Girdle A. clavicle B. scapula - Provides attachment for many muscles that move the upper limb - Girdle is very light and upper limbs are mobile

  5. Acromio-clavicularjoint Clavicle Scapula Articulated pectoral girdle

  6. III. Clavicle A. Extends horizontally across the superior thorax 1. sternal end articulates with the manubrium 2. acromial end articulates with scapula ► Provides attachment for muscles ► Holds the scapulae and arms laterally ► Transmits compression forces - upper limbs

  7. Sternal (medial)end Posterior Anterior Acromial (lateral)end Right clavicle, superior view

  8. IV. Scapula A. Lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage B. Located between ribs 2–7 C. Have three borders 1. superior 2. medial (vertebral) 3. Llateral (axillary) D. Have three angles 1. Lateral 2. superior 3. inferior

  9. Superior border Suprascapularnotch Acromion Superior angle Coracoidprocess Glenoidcavity Subscapularfossa Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Right scapula, anterior aspect

  10. Right scapula, anterior aspect

  11. Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Superior angle Acromion Supraspinousfossa Glenoidcavityat lateralangle Spine Infraspinousfossa Lateral border Medial border Right scapula, posterior aspect

  12. Right scapula, posterior aspect

  13. V. The Upper Limb A. 30 bones form each upper limb B. Grouped into bones of the: 1. Arm 2. Forearm 3. Hand

  14. VI. Arm Humerus ► The only bone of the arm ► Longest and strongest bone of the upper limb ► Articulates with the scapula at the shoulder ► Articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow

  15. Greatertubercle Head ofhumerus Lessertubercle Deltoid tuberosity Coronoidfossa Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Anterior view

  16. Anterior view

  17. Head ofhumerus Greatertubercle Deltoidtuberosity Olecranonfossa Medial epicondyle Lateralepicondyle Trochlea Posterior view

  18. Posterior view

  19. The humerus of the right arm and detailed views of articulation at the elbow (anterior). Coronoidfossa Humerus Medialepicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Head ofradius Coronoidprocess ofulna Radialtuberosity Radial notch Radius Ulna Anterior view at the elbow region

  20. The humerus of the right arm and detailed views of articulation at the elbow (posterior). Humerus Olecranonfossa Olecranon Lateralepicondyle Medialepicondyle Head Neck Ulna Radius Posterior view of extended elbow

  21. VII. Forearm A. radius & ulna articulate with each other B. The interosseous membrane 1. Interconnects radius and ulna C. radius is lateral - ulna is medial

  22. VIII. Ulna Major landmarks of the ulna ► Olecranon ► Radial notch ► Trochlear notch ► Coronoid process ► Ulnar styloid process

  23. Olecranon Troclearnotch Head Neck Coronoid process Interosseousmembrane Ulna Radius Head of ulna Ulnar styloidprocess Radial styloidprocess Anterior view

  24. Anterior view

  25. Olecranon Trochlear notch View Coronoid process Radial notch Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view

  26. View Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view

  27. IX. Radius Major landmarks of the radius: ► Head ► Neck ► Radial tuberosity ► Styloid process

  28. The humerus of the right arm and detailed views of articulation at the elbow. Coronoidfossa Humerus Medialepicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Head ofradius Coronoidprocess ofulna Radialtuberosity Radial notch Radius Ulna Anterior view at the elbow region

  29. The humerus of the right arm and detailed views of articulation at the elbow. Anterior view at the elbow region

  30. X. Hand Includes the following bones ► Carpals—wrist ► Metacarpals—palm ► Phalanges—fingers

  31. XI. Carpus (Wrist) Carpal bones A. Proximal row from lateral to medial Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform B. Distal row from lateral to medial Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate thumb► “Sally left the party thumb►to take Carmen home”

  32. Carpal bones thumb► “Sally left the party thumb►to take Carmen home” IV III II V Hamate I Capitate Trapezium Trapezoid Pisiform Scaphoid Triquetrum Lunate Ulna Radius Anterior view of right hand

  33. Carpal bones IV III II V I Anterior view of right hand

  34. XI. Metacarpals Metacarpals form the palm ► Numbered I - V : beginning with the pollex (thumb)

  35. IV III II V I Anterior view of right hand

  36. XII. Phalanges ► Numbered I - V : beginning with the pollex (thumb) ► Except for the thumb, each finger has three phalanges Proximal, middle, and distal

  37. Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal Distal Proximal Anterior view of right hand

  38. XIII. Pelvic Girdle A. Attaches lower limbs to the spine B. Supports visceral organs C. Attaches to the axial skeleton by strong ligaments D. Acetabulum is a deep cup that holds the head of the femur E. Paired coxal bones (hip bones) and the sacrum

  39. XIV. Pelvic Girdle A. Three separate bones (fuse together) ► Ilium ► Ischium ► pubis

  40. Iliac crest Iliac fossa Anterior superioriliac spine Ilium Coxal bone Anteriorinferior iliacspine (os coxaeor hip bone) Sacrum Coccyx Pubis Acetabulum Ischium Pubic symphysis Pelvic girdle Pubic arch

  41. Iliac fossa Sacrum Coccyx Pelvic girdle Pubic arch

  42. Ilium Ala Iliac crest Anteriorsuperioriliac spine Posteriorsuperioriliac spine Anterior inferioriliac spine Posterior inferioriliac spine Acetabulum Greater sciaticnotch Ischial spine Lesser sciaticnotch Pubis Ischium Ischialtuberosity Ilium Ischium Pubis Lateral view, right hip bone

  43. Ala Ilium Ischium Pubis Lateral view, right hip bone

  44. Male vs. Female Pelvis

  45. XV. The Lower Limb A. carries the entire weight of the erect body B. lower limb are thicker and stronger than those of upper limb C. Divided into three segments 1. thigh 2. leg 3. foot

  46. XVI.Thigh A. Femur—the single bone of the thigh ► longest and strongest bone of the body ► head of femurarticulates with the acetabulum

  47. Foveacapitis Neck Greatertrochanter Head Lesser trochanter Gluteal tuberosity Lateralcondyle Lateralepicondyle Medial condyle Lateralepicondyle Medialepicondyle Anterior view Posterior view Femur (thigh bone)

  48. Anterior view Posterior view Femur (thigh bone)

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