Ass-prof.N.Bilkevych

1. The theme of the lecture:“Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bronchial asthma. Ethiology. Clinical pattern. Daignostics. Complications. Principles of treatment." Ass-prof.N.Bilkevych

3. The syndrome of bronchial obstruction • Obstructio (lat.) – barrier, obstracle. • Causes of bronchial obstruction: • - accumulation of fluid in fine bronchi; • - edema of bronchial mucosa; • - spasm of bronchial smooth muscles; • - poor elasticity of lungs.

4. Pulmonary emphysema

5. Respiratory system anatomy

6. Bronchial asthma Asthma is a bronchial hypersensitivity disorder characterized by reversible airway obstruction, produced by a combination of mucosal edema, constriction of the bronchial musculature, and excessive secretion of viscid mucus, causing mucous plugs. Essentials of Diagnosis: • Recurrent acute attacks of dyspnea, cough, and mucoid sputum, usually accompanied by wheezing. • Prolonged expiration with generalized wheezing and musical rales. • Bronchial obstruction reversible by drugs

7. Ethiology • 40-80 % of patients has heredital predisposition • Acquired ethiological factors • Domestic allergens • ( dust, insect allergens, fungi, animal wool, epidermis) • Environmental allergens • ( fungi, insect allergens, pollen etc) • Food allergy • ( milk, flour, fish, chemical admixtures to food) • drugs • ( antibiotics, enzymes, aspirin) • bacterial allergens • ( neisseria, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, mycoplasma, helmints)

30. Clinical pattern

32. Appearance of a patient during attack of asthma

36. Дослідження харкотиння

37. спірограма

40. Chest X-ray in asthma

41. X-ray shows pulmonary emphysema

42. Endoscopic findings: hyperemia, edema of bronchial mucosa, hypersecretion

43. Allergic tests allow to determine allergens

44. Positive reaction

47. Usage of inhaler

48. Solotvino (salt caves)

49. Solotvino (salt caves)

50. Solotvino (salt caves)