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WHAT IS SCIENCE?

Interest Grabber. WHAT IS SCIENCE?. Chapter 1 Key concept: What is the goal of science?. organized method. evidence explain. SCIENCE: Is an ________________ Uses_______ to ______ events ______and organizes ______ Deals only with __________ Looks for _______ and __________.

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WHAT IS SCIENCE?

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  1. Interest Grabber WHAT IS SCIENCE? Chapter 1 Key concept: What is the goal of science?

  2. organized method evidence explain SCIENCE: • Is an ________________ • Uses_______ to ______ events • ______and organizes ______ • Deals only with __________ • Looks for _______ and __________ Collects information natural world patterns connections Image from: http://www.erschools.org/Teachers/henderson/webquest/images/scientist.jpg

  3. propose explanations TESTED Scientists: _______________ that can be _______ by ___________________ examining evidence http://www.darvill.clara.net/enforcemot/graphics/newton.gif

  4. not “just facts” “WAY OF KNOWING” Science is ______________but a ___________________ Because of new tools, techniques, & discoveries, our understanding of science is __________________. ALWAYS CHANGING http://www.npr.org/programs/fa/features/2005/04/flat_200.jpg http://atmos.pknu.ac.kr/~swimm/wall/1024/EARTH.JPG

  5. AIDS Renewable fuels Global warming Stem Cell Research Alternative energy Endangered species Bird flu Our understanding of science is _________ in _______ intelligent ________ about a wide variety of _______ that affect our lives. Cancer Pollution Cloning Nuclear power essential making decisions issues

  6. X X X X X X X X Observation and Inference Section 1-1 Statement Observation Inference • Object A is a basketball. • Object B is a table-tennis • ball. • Object C is a soccer ball. Object A is round and orange. Object A is a basketball. Object C is round and black and white. Object C is larger than Object B. Object B is smooth. Object B is a table-tennis ball. Each object is used in a different sport. Go to Section:

  7. Flowchart Section 1-2 Designing an Experiment State the Problem Analyze Results Form a Hypothesis Draw a Conclusion Set Up a Controlled Experiment Publish Results Record Results Go to Section:

  8. Figure 1-8 Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation Section 1-2 OBSERVATIONS: Flies land on meat that is left uncovered. Later, maggots appear on the meat. HYPOTHESIS: Flies produce maggots. PROCEDURE Uncovered jars Covered jars Controlled Variables: jars, type of meat, location, temperature, time Several days pass Manipulated Variables: gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat Responding Variable: whether maggots appear Maggots appear No maggots appear CONCLUSION: Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. Spontaneous generation of maggots did not occur. Go to Section:

  9. Figure 1-10 Spallanzani’s Experiment Section 1-2 Gravy is boiled. Flask is open. Gravy is teeming with microorganisms. Flask is sealed. Gravy is free of microorganisms. Gravy is boiled. Go to Section:

  10. Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Section 1-2 Broth is boiled. Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms. Go to Section:

  11. The science of “LIFE” BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ Study of living things Bacteria Image from: http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

  12. Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS • Made of _________ • _____________ • Based on a _____________________ • _______ and ____________ • ______ & ___ ________ & _______ • ________ to their ____________ • ______________________________ • As a group, __________________ Reproduce cells universal genetic code Grow develop Obtain use materials energy Respond environment Maintain a stable internal environment change over time

  13. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells The _____ is the ______________. CELL basic unit of life http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/study_guides_bi.htm

  14. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells UNICELLULAR ____________organisms are _____________ made of only 1 cell bacteria (Ex: _________) Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF

  15. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells MULTICELLULAR _________________ organisms_______ as _________ but as adults are _________________________ Ex: (___________ __________ ) BEGIN ONE CELL MADE OF MANY CELLS a human a tree Images from: http://www.angelbabygifts.com/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

  16. ALL LIVING THINGSReproduce SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ________________________ _____________the ___________________ from _____________ ________________ Seen in animals and plants combines genetic material 2 parents sperm + egg = baby Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp

  17. ALL LIVING THINGSReproduce ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION _________________________ makes a new organism using the ________________ from _________________ Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals genetic material ONLY 1 PARENT Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

  18. All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA ______________________ DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Segment of DNA ________________ with instructions for one _________ is called a ________. PROTEIN GENE Image from: http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif

  19. ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell SINGLE CELLED _____________ organisms, like a bacterium, grow by ________________. INCREASING in SIZE

  20. ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________. increasing cell size increasing cell number

  21. DIFFERENT KINDS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS… but many _______________ of cells with _____________________ Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

  22. PROCESS OF CHANGING The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = __________________________ DIFFERENTIATION Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

  23. All cells have the SAME DNA... _________________________ what makes them ___________ is _______________ are _______________________ different WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF See end of show for image sources

  24. It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you. http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/report2.html http://www.adc.state.az.us/programs/offlibsvs.html

  25. grow and develop To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of ____________________ & ____________ need ALL LIVING THINGSTake in Materials & Use Energy BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY! This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make “more sheep” http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif

  26. ALL LIVING THINGSTake in Materials & Use Energy AUTOTROPHS ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________ make their own food Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html GREEN PLANTS Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________ photosynthesis glucose sunlight http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

  27. ALL LIVING THINGSTake in Materials & Use Energy ______________ get their energy by ___________________ HETEROTROPHS consuming other organisms Animals Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________ most bacteria  Image from: http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

  28. Vocab word chemical reactions the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes = ___________________ builds up breaks down metabolism

  29. ALL LIVING THINGSRespond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = ___________________ STIMULUS  Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

  30. ALL LIVING THINGSRespond to their environment  Image from: http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg A stimulus can be _________________ EXTERNAL Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward.Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up. http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG

  31. ALL LIVING THINGSRespond to their environment http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html A stimulus can be ____________ INTERNAL Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. http://www.israellycool.com/eat%20guy%20AFP.jpg

  32. VOCAB WORD A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________ IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much . . . the cell will die. HOMEOSTASIS

  33. FEEDBACK HOMEOSTASIS involvesinternal __________ mechanisms If body temp drops too low, “shivering” produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down. http://www.dreamstime.com/thumb_4/1099235658Q3A4x8.jpg http://www.clipartheaven.com/clipart/seasons_&_weather/overheating_2.gif

  34. HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body http://www.me-go.net/rtw/images/biggulp.jpg Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION) http://pluck.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/restroom_blog.gif

  35. ALL LIVING THINGSas a group, change over time EVOLUTION = ______________ Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________ survival species changing world http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63386&rendTypeId=4

  36. Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization Section 1-3 Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Biosphere Ecosystem Community and its nonliving surroundings Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Community Populations that live together in a defined area Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Bison herd Go to Section:

  37. Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization continued Section 1-3 Organism Individual living thing Bison Tissues, organs, and organ systems Groups of Cells Nervous system Brain Nervous tissue Smallest functional unit of life Cells Nerve cell Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Molecules DNA Water Go to Section:

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