Survivability Considerations for Design of Government Private Wireless Networks

1. Survivability Considerations for Design of Government Private Wireless Networks Clay Whitehead Motorola Networks and Enterprise

2. Private Land Mobile Radio What is Land Mobile Radio? • Terrestrial based wireless communications • Offers customized coverage, capacity, control and feature sets • Primarily hand-held communications devices • One to many dispatch call model – voice is priority • Disparate frequency bands – government agencies hold the licenses • Private government funded network • Mostly proprietary technology, but rapidly moving towards standards-based platforms

3. Private Land Mobile Radio When do LMR Systems Fail? • Extended power grid failures • Failure of back-up power systems • Network connectivity lost • Extensive flooding of facilities and equipment shelters • Towers fail • Point to point links fail • Single points of failure in critical components/subsystems • E911/Dispatch center evacuations • Lightning damage to equipment

4. Private Land Mobile Radio What Happens to First Responder Communication Systems? • Many remain fully or partially operational • Full coverage and capacity • Fallback modes of operation • Reduced coverage or capacity • Those impaired or with minor failures are usually restored shortly thereafter

5. Private Land Mobile Radio Where Can We Improve Survivability? • Robust coverage and RF saturation/innovative in-building penetration solutions • Stricter site design standards • Redundancy of all critical control components • Allocate additional capacity and spectrum for State and Local Government (broadband) • Enhance network security and monitoring tools • Soft-switch interfaces between public and private systems • Fuel cell technology for handheld/mobile devices • Enhanced disaster recovery solutions

6. Private Land Mobile Radio LMR Radio System Coverage – Palmetto 800 Network Palmetto 800

7. Private Land Mobile Radio LMR Radio System Coverage – Illinois Starcom 21 Network • Denser site configuration; more RF saturation • More overlap between sites, including simulcast cells in the urban areas • Individual site failures have less impact

8. Private Land Mobile Radio IBWA - In Building Wireless Alliance • Composed of manufacturers, commercial real estate companies, cellular carriers and first responders • Value to public safety • Ability to communicate within buildings and from inside the building to command and control locations • Improved situational awareness, command and control • Fewer injuries and loss of property and life • Decreased response time for fire or injury emergency • Critical communications for instruction and evacuation

9. Private Land Mobile Radio Enhance LMR Communication Site Standards • Design for Category 5 hurricanes in coastal areas/hurricane landfall zones • Towers with higher wind load ratings • Hardened physical security • Elevated sites and power systems • Main Switching Office redundancy • Back up site connectivity • Telco • Point to point microwave • Spread spectrum technologies • Satellite

10. 746 752 758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806 CMRS (to be auctioned) CMRS (to be auctioned) Guard Band Guard Band 2 MHz Guard Band 2 MHz Guard Band 15 MHz 15 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 1MHz 1MHz 64 66 67 68 61 62 60 63 65 69 Private Land Mobile Radio Additional Spectrum Needed for First Responders • Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 mandates spectrum clearing by February 17, 2009 • Various associations seeking additional spectrum for public safety

11. Private Land Mobile Radio Network Operations Centers • Remotely monitors LMR system health • most do not have this service • Staffed 24/7 • Knowledge database of approved solutions • System labs for problem replication • Access to system platform architects • Automated escalation management system • Quality review process • Remote system software downloads • National Communication System collaboration

12. Private Land Mobile Radio Future of Communications for Government Agencies PUBLIC PRIVATE IP Soft Switching Public Commercial Cellular Private Land Mobile Radio Mesh, 802.16 Private Broadband Public Broadband Custom: Coverage Capacity Capability Control Opportunistic Use of: Consumer Coverage Consumer Capability

13. Private Land Mobile Radio Emerging Technologies for Disaster Recovery Issue Current Solutions Future Enhancers Primary Radio System Down Cellular Carriers Down Deployable infrastructure to restore primary service Backup sites Radios programmed for other nearby systems Intelligent Mobile Network to route data from any Source…Seamless Mobility Satellite phone handsets Parked vehicular broadband satellite Software Define Radios for single radio multi-band and multi-mode access P25 Voice and Data over any available Broadband IP Vehicle in motion broadband Satellite > P25 voice/data > streaming video > VoIP phone > WLAN hot spot

14. FUEL CELL Chargers FUEL CELL Radios Private Land Mobile Radio Emerging Technologies for Alternate Energy Sources Future Enhancers Issue Current Solutions Extended Power Outage Fixed – generators, UPS Street – mobile radios (gas) Run fresh batteries out to Portable radio users

15. Private Land Mobile Radio Summary • All networks should be hardened in terms of physical security, performance and resilience to electro-mechanical failures • Additional spectrum for voice, broadband and multi-media services is critical to first responders • Private network partnerships with public network carriers • Funding, funding, funding

16. Private Land Mobile Radio Additional Web-based Resources Project 25 Technology Interest Group http://www.project25.org/ Association of Public Safety Communications Officers http://www.apcointl.org/ In Building Wireless Alliance http://www.i-bw.org/ Spectrum Coalition for Public Safety http://www.spectrumcoalition.dc.gov/ National Public Safety Telecommunications Council http://www.npstc.org/ Fuel Cells 2000 http://www.fuelcells.org/