The Levels of Communication

1. The Levels of Communication Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking, byGeorge L. Grice and John F. Skinner

2. To Communicate . . . • The Latin verb communicare means “to make common to many, share, impart, divide.”

3. Simply stated . . . • When you communicate you share, or make common, your knowledge and ideas with someone else. • Communication, then, is the sharing of meaning bysendingand receivingsymbolic cues.

4. Charles Ogen & I. A. Richard’s Triangle of Meaning • The interpreter • The person who is communicating, with words or symbols • The symbol • Anything to which people attach or assign a meaning • The referent • The object or idea for which the symbol stands

5. The Triangle of Meaning Interpreter (Speaker or Listener) ……… Referent Symbol

6. Five Levels of Public Speaking:

7. Five Levels of Public Speaking: • 1) intrapersonal

8. Intrapersonal Communication • The type of communication a person has with himself, thus the prefix “intra-” which means within. • As soon as a human being awakens, he begins an internal thought process and dialogue, almost always silent, but sometimes aloud.

9. Five Levels of Public Speaking: • 2) interpersonal

10. Interpersonal Communication • Interpersonal communication takes place between two people. • This type of communication varies depending on the relationship between the two individuals.

11. Five Levels of Public Speaking: • 3) group

12. Group Communication • Group communication occurs when three or more individuals, who have a common goal, interact either formally or informally.

13. Five Levels of Public Speaking: • 4) public

14. Public Communication • Public communication takes place when one or more individuals communicate with a large group in a more “one-directional” approach.

15. Five Levels of Public Speaking: • 5) mass communication

16. Mass Communication • Mass communication occurs when extremely large groups receive information, like a television audience watching a news broadcast, as well as the intermittent commercial advertising.

17. Five Levels of Public Speaking: • 1) intrapersonal • 2) interpersonal • 3) group • 4) public • 5) mass communication

18. Linear Model of Communication

19. Linear Model of Communication • The speaker—the sender, the encoder, or source of the message.

20. Linear Model of Communication • Encoding—the process of putting ideas into symbols to carry a message. The Speech Text

21. Linear Model of Communication • Message—ideas communicated verbally and nonverbally.

22. Linear Model of Communication • Listener—the receiver or decoder of the message

23. Linear Model of Communication • Decoding—the process of attaching meanings to symbols received. Decoding

24. Linear Model of Communication • The speaker—the sender, the encoder, or source of the message. • Encoding—the process of putting ideas into symbols to carry a message. • Message—ideas communicated verbally and nonverbally. • Listener—the receiver or decoder of the message • Decoding—the process of attaching meanings to symbols received.

25. Linear Model of Communication

26. Problems with Linear Model of Communication • #1—The assumption that a person is either the sender or a receiver of messages. • Actually, we perform both of these roles simultaneously.

27. Problems with Linear Model of Communication • #2—The suggestion that communication involves only one message. • Actually, there are as many messages as there are communicators involved, and the message the sender intends is never identical to the one received.

28. Interactive Model of Communication • When scholars began to see the limitations of the linear model of communication, they added other components to the speaker, message, and listener making a total of 7 components: channel, feedback, environment, and noise

29. Interactive Model of Communication • Channel—the medium, or the way the message is sent.

30. Interactive Model of Communication • Feedback—includes all messages, verbal and nonverbal, sent by listeners to speakers.

31. Interactive Model of Communication • Environment—the physical setting and the occasion for communication.

32. Interactive Model of Communication • Noise—anything that distracts from effective communication; some form of noise is always present.

33. Interactive Model of Communication • Channel—the medium, or the way the message is sent. • Feedback—includes all messages, verbal and nonverbal, sent by listeners to speakers. • Environment—the physical setting and the occasion for communication. • Noise—anything that distracts from effective communication; some form of noise is always present.

34. Noise • Physical noise—distractions originating in the communication environment.

35. Noise • Physiological noise—distractions originating in the bodies of communicators—cold, headache, hunger, fatigue.

36. Noise • Psychological noise—distractions originating in the thoughts of communicators—anxiety, daydreaming, worry.

37. Noise • Physical noise—distractions originating in the communication environment. • Physiological noise—distractions originating in the bodies of communicators—cold, headache, hunger, fatigue. • Psychological noise—distractions originating in the thoughts of communicators—anxiety, daydreaming, worry.

38. CHANNEL Message SPEAKER LISTENER Decoder Encoder Environment Environment Noise Noise Noise Decoder Encoder Feedback Interactive Model of Communication CHANNEL

39. The Levels of Communication Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking, byGeorge L. Grice and John F. Skinner