Journals and Indexing

1. Journals and Indexing

2. Types of periodicals • Scholarly Journals • Specialized publication intended for scholars, students & practitioners of a particular discipline • Usually published monthly or quarterly • Magazines – popular &/or news • Commercial publications intended for the general reader • Popular culture: entertainment, sports, hobbies, etc. • Current events: news, politics, public opinion Palmer College of Chiropractic West

3. Types of periodicals cont. • Trade Papers & Journals • Publications that report on news & developments in a particular profession, field, trade or industry • Have analysis, commentary & opinion pieces, but not original research • State association journals Palmer College of Chiropractic West

4. Indexing • Indexing refers to inclusion in a database or published listing of publications • The listing can usually be searched by author, subject, title, year, etc. to locate articles • Scholarly journals must meet certain standards to be included in some scientific indexes Palmer College of Chiropractic West

5. MEDLINE indexing criteria • Scope and coverage • Committees judge to determine if articles cover biomedical subjects • Quality of content • Scientific merit of a journal's content is the primary consideration in selecting journals for indexing • Quality of editorial work • Explicit description of the external peer review process utilized Palmer College of Chiropractic West

6. Indexing criteria cont. • Production quality • Quality of the layout, printing, graphics, and illustrations • Audience • Primarily for the health professions: researchers, practitioners, educators, administrators, and students • Health professionals includes physicians, nurses, dentists, veterinarians, and the many types of allied health professionals Palmer College of Chiropractic West

7. Indexing criteria cont. • Types of content • Reports of original research • Original clinical observations accompanied by analysis and discussion • Analysis of philosophical, ethical, or social aspects of the health professions or biomedical sciences • Critical reviews • Statistical compilations • Descriptions of evaluation of methods or procedures • Case reports with discussions Palmer College of Chiropractic West

8. Indexing criteria cont. • Foreign language journals • Criteria for selection are the same as for those written in English • Geographic coverage • The highest quality and most useful journals are selected without regard for place of publication • Chiropractic representation • JMPT • Chiropractic history • Chiropractic & osteopathy Palmer College of Chiropractic West

9. Index Medicus • 4,844 journals are indexed (as of 1/05) • MEDLINE is the online counterpart to Index Medicus • The decision whether or not to index a journal is made by the Director of the National Library of Medicine • Based on considerations of both scientific policy and scientific quality Palmer College of Chiropractic West

10. Scholarly journals standards • Production quality • Audience • Types of content • Original research, case reports, critical reviews, etc. (ref: Journal selection for Index Medicus Fact Sheet) Palmer College of Chiropractic West

11. Editing/review characteristics • Scholarly journals • Articles undergo blind review by other scholars (peer review/referee process) • Magazines • Not refereed, but may be reviewed by magazine employees • Trade journals • Articles reviewed by editorial boards & anonymous reviews Palmer College of Chiropractic West

12. Authors & language level • Scholarly • Scholars, experts, or practitioners who may want credit for their scholarship • Terminology, jargon & language of the discipline • Assume readers have scholarly background • Magazines • Often unsigned articles, or written by staff members • Language simple: high school or lower Palmer College of Chiropractic West

13. Authors & language cont. • Trade journals • Staff writers, contributions by experts in the field • Simple language level, but likely to include jargon specific to the profession Palmer College of Chiropractic West

14. Indexing • Scholarly journals • Index with specific focus: Medicine, healthcare, education, social work • Magazines • General index: Readers’ guide to periodical literature • Trade journals • Index specialized to profession or industry Palmer College of Chiropractic West

15. Appearance • Scholarly journals • Usually a “serious” cover • Graphs, charts, photographs for informative purposes • Popular &/or news magazines • Attractive covers, colorful artwork, many ads • Trade journals • Format similar to popular magazine or paper • Advertising targeted to those in the field Palmer College of Chiropractic West

16. Purpose • Scholarly Journals • To disseminate new knowledge (research findings) • Magazines • To disseminate news or general information • To entertain • Trade Journals • To publicize current events and topics in the field • To publicize professional issues Palmer College of Chiropractic West

17. Audience • Scholarly journals • Scholars, researchers, students, practitioners • Magazines • General public • Trade journals • Members of a specific profession or industry Palmer College of Chiropractic West

18. Sources • Scholarly journals • Sources cited with footnotes and bibliography • All statements of fact are referenced • Magazines & Trade journals • Occasionally cite sources Palmer College of Chiropractic West

19. Peer-reviewed AKA refereed journals • Scholarly journals will not publish an article without review by editorial board and/or experts in the field • Purpose of review is to ensure meeting a certain standard of scholarly quality • Experts in a field of study examine & assess the quality of articles before they are published Palmer College of Chiropractic West

20. Peer-review • Authors submit their manuscript to a journal • Editor may reject • Peer-reviewers may reject, accept, or advise changes & re-review Palmer College of Chiropractic West

21. Functions of different types of publications • Quality of material published in refereed journals considered usually superior to trade journals and papers • But all still have important roles to play • Note: prior to 1970’s, choices were limited for “legitimate” science Palmer College of Chiropractic West

22. Preferred source of evidence:Peer-reviewed indexed journals • Why peer reviewed? • Quality control • Why indexed? • More quality control • Why journals? • Books and textbooks, self-published OR recognized publishers, are NOT peer-reviewed Palmer College of Chiropractic West

23. Peer Reviewed Chiropractic Journals Chiropractic & Osteopathy (Australasian) Chiropractic History Chiropractic Journal of Australia European Journal of Chiropractic Journal of Chiropractic Education Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics Journal of Chiropractic Humanities J.M.P.T. Journal of the American Chiropractic Association Journal of Canadian Chiropractic Association Journal of Diagnostic Radiology & Advanced Imaging Clinical Chiropractic (formerly British Journal of Chiropractic) Palmer College of Chiropractic West

24. May they rest in peace: Chiropractic Research Journal Chiropractic Technique Journal Sport Chiropractic and Rehabilitation J.N.M.S. Topics in Clinical Chiropractic Chiropractic Pediatrics Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics Palmer College of Chiropractic West

25. Other Journals Advances in Chiropractic (nothing since 1997) American Chiropractor Canadian Chiropractor Chiropractic Economics The Chiropractic Journal The Chiropractic Report D.C. Tracts Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research Today’s Chiropractic Compiled by: Iftikhar Bhatti, 4/28/03 Palmer College of Chiropractic West

26. Less-preferred sources • Media: TV/radio/newspaper/Internet • Word of mouth (even experts’ mouths!) • Non-peer-reviewed publications • The Chiropractic Journal • Chiropractic Economics • Today’s Chiropractic • Dynamic Chiropractic • JACA (partially true) • Various Web publications These all MAY have good information; Just verify them!! Palmer College of Chiropractic West

27. Red flags for untrustworthy information • Gaudy typography • Improper article format • Poor referencing • Insufficient or outdated • Poor writing quality • No peer review • Peer reviewers are biased Palmer College of Chiropractic West

28. Red flags cont. • Journal is not indexed • Obvious personal agenda • Advertising tone • Testimonial function • Conflict of interest • Be especially suspicious of articles written by authors with advertising that appears in the same issue Palmer College of Chiropractic West

29. Does the information or source . . . • Contain unsubstantiated (unsupported) claims? • Use outdated or few references? • Use references from only one source? • Show that the author references him/herself a lot? • Expect or request leaps of faith? • Have a hypothesis that does not match the conclusion? Palmer College of Chiropractic West

30. Does the information or source . . . • Have an investment in a product that the data “supports”? • Have funding from a company that is invested in a positive outcome? • Not clearly reveal any limitations to the study? • Claim that the study is “flawless”? • Reveal it is a self-proclaimed expert? Palmer College of Chiropractic West

31. Does the information or source . . . • Come from a non- peer-reviewed source, is self published, or a website? • Create new words/jargon for items that already have words? • Only look at one point of view and not many possible ways? • Claims there is only “one way” (one way to do something or one way to think)? Palmer College of Chiropractic West

32. Does the information or source . . . • Repeatedly state the same biased message or statement again and again? • Leave out essential reference information? • Uses scare tactics? • Use questionable references such as - post grad seminar notes, magazines, newspapers and brochures? Palmer College of Chiropractic West

33. Each source of information must be critically reviewed on its own merit. • Weigh the good and the bad together • Just because several red flags are present with one source, does not mean you should discard the information entirely • There may be something worthwhile • Conversely, just one red flag may be enough to make another source of information completely unreliable and unusable Palmer College of Chiropractic West

34. Information search • Informal resources • Your personal library • People you know • Experts you may contact • Formal resources • Indexes and computer databases that provide access to: • Books • Journal articles Palmer College of Chiropractic West

35. Palmer College of Chiropractic West

36. Company sponsored - “The Functional Medicine Research Center (FMRC) is the research arm of Metagenics, Inc.” Journal Volume and Issue? Palmer College of Chiropractic West

37. Company sponsored Palmer College of Chiropractic West

38. Page 2 This is the total paper Palmer College of Chiropractic West

39. http://www.palmer.edu/GenInfo/Library.htm Palmer College of Chiropractic West

40. A COMPLETE ALPHABETICAL LIST of all 7,000+ electronic full text journals through Ebscohost, LWW Total Access Collection, Wiley InterScience  and PHSL direct subscriptions Palmer College of Chiropractic West

41. Palmer College of Chiropractic West

42. Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System Palmer College of Chiropractic West

43. Palmer College of Chiropractic West

44. Palmer College of Chiropractic West

45. Palmer College of Chiropractic West

46. Palmer College of Chiropractic West

47. 40 more databases listed below Palmer College of Chiropractic West

48. CINAHL • Indexing and abstracts for over 1,700 nursing and allied health journals and other publications dating back to 1982, • Covers nursing, biomedicine, health sciences librarianship, alternative complementary medicine, consumer health and 17 allied health disciplines Palmer College of Chiropractic West

49. AMED • An alternative medicine database for physicians, therapists, medical researchers and clinicians looking to learn more about alternative treatments • Includes complementary medicine, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitation, podiatry, palliative care, and more • Contains basic bibliographic records for relevant articles from over 500 journals, with the scope of coverage being mainly European • Abstracts are included for many records dating from 1995 to the present Palmer College of Chiropractic West

50. MANTIS • Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System • Overview coverage: • 1900-present • file size: over 110,000 records • over 1,000 journals • updates: monthly • MANTISTM addresses all areas of alternative medical literature. It has also become the largest index of peer reviewed articles for several disciplines including; chiropractic, osteopathy, homeopathy, and manual medicine Palmer College of Chiropractic West