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Understanding the Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on Species Diversity and Ecosystem Processes

Explore the effects of habitat fragmentation on community and ecosystem processes. Learn about first-order and higher-order effects, including patch size, isolation, edge implications, and isolation effects on carnivores and reserves. Discover how area-sensitive species are influenced and the species-specific sensitivity to habitat alteration.

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Understanding the Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on Species Diversity and Ecosystem Processes

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  1. Habitat Fragmentation

  2. Habitat Fragmentation • Community & Ecosystem processes altered

  3. Habitat Fragmentation • First-Order Effects:

  4. Habitat Fragmentation • Higher-Order Effects:

  5. Patch size #patches Patch isolation Edge

  6. Implications with Diseases

  7. Isolation effects

  8. Carnivores & Reserves Area of Reserve (km^2) (A) black bear (F) lion (I) African wild dog (J) grizzly bear

  9. Habitat Fragmentation • area-sensitive species: species that require minimum patch size for daily life requirements • Edge effects:

  10. 250 m 250 m 31% 64% Total Area = 1 km2 250 m 14% Total Area = 5 km2 Total Area = 0.5 km2 Edge Effects

  11. Edge Effects

  12. Edge Effects • Habitat surrounding a patch can: • change abiotic conditions; e.g., temp. • change biotic interactions, e.g., predation

  13. Habitat Fragmentation: Species-Specific Sensitivity?

  14. Habitat Fragmentation: Species-Specific Sensitivity?

  15. Swihart et al. 2003. Diversity and Distributions 9:1-8.

  16. Differential Sensitivities to Habitat Alteration Swihart et al. 2003

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