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Chapter 20 Section 1

Chapter 20 Section 1. Kennedy and the Cold War. Voters restless in 1960 Economy in recession Soviets developed Sputnik I and long range missiles. The Election of 1960. Democratic nominee for President-John F. Kennedy. The Election of 1960. Republican opponent-Richard Nixon.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

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  1. Chapter 20 Section 1 Kennedy and the Cold War

  2. Voters restless in 1960 Economy in recession Soviets developed Sputnik I and long range missiles The Election of 1960

  3. Democratic nominee for President-John F. Kennedy The Election of 1960

  4. Republican opponent-Richard Nixon The Election of 1960

  5. 1960 election closest since 1888 JFK wins The Election of 1960

  6. Well organized campaign Kennedy the Candidate

  7. Had to overcome obstacles Only 43-many though inexperienced Catholic- People were afraid he would be too influenced by the Pope Kennedy the Candidate

  8. Nixon/Kennedy debate was the 1st televised debate between presidential candidates Televised Debate

  9. People didn’t seem to care about experience-cared more about looks and speech Televised Debate

  10. Nixon lost the image battle JFK was coached by TV producers – looked better than Nixon Televised Debate

  11. Gave JFK a boost in the polls Televised Debate

  12. October 1960-Atlanta police arrest MLK Jr. King sentenced to 4 months hard labor Kennedy and King

  13. JFK phoned King’s wife to express sympathy Kennedy and King

  14. Cold War occupied much of JFK’s attention Kennedy Takes Command

  15. Blasted republicans for allowing Communism to move to Cuba Kennedy Takes Command

  16. Eisenhower relied on threat of massive retaliation Kennedy Takes Command

  17. Developed a policy of Flexible response Developing American non-nuclear forces in case there was a minor conflict Kennedy Takes Command

  18. Flexible Response resulted in an increase in military spending Kennedy Takes Command

  19. Tripled nuclear capabilities of the US Kennedy Takes Command

  20. Cuba 90 miles from the US Eisenhower cuts off diplomatic relations w/ Cuba 1/3/61 Crisis Over Cuba

  21. Castro promised democracy Led a guerrilla war against dictator Fulgencio Batista The Cuban Dilemma

  22. US recognized new Castro govmt Believed Castro was a freedom fighter The Cuban Dilemma

  23. Broke up commercial farms and made them communes The Cuban Dilemma

  24. Others said Castro betrayed the Revolution The Cuban Dilemma

  25. Summer 1960- Eisenhower gave CIA permission to secretly train hundreds of Cuban exiles The Bay of Pigs

  26. Approved the plan Promised air support to Cuban exiles April 17, 1961 1,400 Cuban exiles landed in Southern Cuba The Bay of Pigs

  27. Nothing worked A prior air strike failed to knock out the Cuban air force – even thought the CIA said it did The Bay of Pigs

  28. The commandos that did reach the island were met by 20,000 Cuban soldiers backed by Soviet jets and tanks The Bay of Pigs

  29. Castro turned this into a public relations triumph The Bay of Pigs

  30. JFK embarrassed The Bay of Pigs

  31. JFK negotiated w/ Castro for the return of the captured commandos The Bay of Pigs

  32. Cuba had a powerful ally in the Soviet Union Cuban Missile Crisis

  33. JFK told Soviets the US would not tolerate offensive nuclear weapons in Cuba Cuban Missile Crisis

  34. Some of these sites contained missiles ready to launch Cuban Missile Crisis

  35. October 22, 1961- JFK informs nation of the Soviet missiles in Cuba Cuban Missile Crisis

  36. For the next 6 days- the world faced the possibility of nuclear war Cuban Missile Crisis

  37. 20,000 US troops assembled in Florida-largest invasion force ever assembled in the US Cuban Missile Crisis

  38. Soviet Ships suddenly stop to avoid confrontation Cuban Missile Crisis

  39. Crisis damaged Khrushchev’s prestige Criticized for backing down from the US Cuban Missile Crisis

  40. JFK criticized as well Cuban Missile Crisis

  41. Others believed JFK had been too soft Cuban Missile Crisis

  42. Many Cuban exiles blamed Democrats for “losing” Cuba and became Republicans Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis

  43. Crisis emerged shortly after bay of Pigs fiasco The Berlin Crisis

  44. In 11 years since Berlin Airlift- 3 million east Germans (20% of the E. German population) fled to West Berlin The Berlin Crisis

  45. Khrushchev threatened to close off West Berlin The Berlin Crisis

  46. US nuclear power prevented the Soviets from closing off Berlin The Berlin Crisis

  47. Berlin wall ended Berlin crisis Further aggravated Col War tension The Berlin Crisis

  48. Searching for Ways to Ease Tensions • April 1963- JFK proposed the creation of a hotline between Washington DC and Moscow • The 2 leaders could now communicate directly should a crisis arise

  49. Limited Test Ban Treaty- barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere Searching for Ways to Ease Tensions

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