España o r Spain

1. España orSpain EspañaorSpain Motto: “Plus Ultra” Picture is of Spain up-close

2. Information on Spain • Person from Spain would be called: Españolor Española • 195,364square miles • Madrid is the capital city and also the largest • Picture is of Spain viewed from a world view

3. Information on Spain • Its 2011 census states that it had 46,815,916 people in its proximity at that time • It uses Euros as its official currency • It uses a parliamentary monarchy as its current system of government • Picture is flag of Spain

4. Chief Products • Its chief products are grains, vegetables, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus ; beef, pork poultry, dairy products; fish; others include motor vehicles, machinery, basic metals, chemicals, mineral products, and textile. • Picture is of Textile

5. Tourist Attractions • According to Touropia, the top ten tourist attractions are: 1: Alhambra, 2: Mezquita of Cordoba, 3: El Escorial, 4: SagradaFamilia, 5: Ibiza, 6: Cuenca, 7: Aqueduct of Segovia, 8: La Concha, 9: Running of the Bulls, 10: Palacio Real • Picture is of the Running of the Bulls

6. Brief History • 1100 B.C.E. – Phoenician traders establish colony at Cádiz in southern Iberia. • 228 B.C.E. – Carthaginians occupy southern and eastern Iberia. • 218 – 220 B.C.E. – Romans defeat Carthage in Second Punic War and occupy the Iberian peninsula. • The picture is of the Battle of Zama.

7. Brief History • 409 C.E. – Visigoths occupy Iberian peninsula. • 711 C.E. – Combined Arab and Berber force from northern Africa cross Strait of Gibraltar to occupy Iberian peninsula. • 913 C.E. – Having retaken territories in northern Spain, Christians establish capital in León. • This is a picture of León from above from Google Earth.

8. Brief History • 1013 C.E. – Powerful Caliphate of Córdoba breaks up due to internal strife; Moorish Spain split into small feuding Kingdoms. • 1212 C.E. – Decisive Christian victory at battle of Navas de Tolosa spells the beginning of the end of Moorish rule in Spain. • 1492 C.E. – King Fernando and Queen Isabel’s army capture Granada after a long Siege, the final defeat of the Moors in Spain. Jews are forced to convert to Christianity; those who refused were banned from Spain. Christopher Columbus sets sail of his voyage of discovery. • Picture is of the battle of Navas de Tolosa

9. Brief History • 1588 C.E. – Defeat of Spanish Armada sent to invade England. Spanish Empire is at the height of its power, but is slowly declining. • 1702 – 1714 C.E. – War of Spanish succession. Bourbon dynasty accedes to Spanish throne. • 1808 – 1814 C.E. – Peninsular War. Spaniards rise against Napoleon's occupying force. Combination of guerilla tactics and support from Wellington's army end in French defeat. • Picture is of the Peninsular War.

10. Brief History • 1931 C.E. – Spanish king is forced to abdicate. Spain becomes a republic. • 1936 – 1939 C.E. – Spanish Civil War. Bloody conflict ends with General Franco's victory. Dictatorship established. • 1975 C.E. – Francisco Franco dies, Juan Carlos de Borbón is proclaimed king. Spain becomes constitutional monarchy. Democracy would bring membership of the European Community. • Picture is of part of a militia marching at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

11. Reference or cited sources • CIA – The World Factbook - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html – photograph and information • Wikipedia - www.wikipedia.org/wiki/spain - photograph and information • http://www.wall-maps.com/Classroom/Foreign-Language-Maps/Spain-spanish-map-over-f.htm - photograph • http://www.touropia.com/tourist-attractions-in-spain/ - Information and photograph

12. Reference or cited sources • A BRIEF HISTORY OF SPAIN - http://www.educa.madrid.org/web/ies.elalamo.elalamo/comenius/hhespana.htm - Information • Google Earth - photograph • Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg - Photograph