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Suggestions of methods to oxygenize the deeper part of The Baltic Proper

Suggestions of methods to oxygenize the deeper part of The Baltic Proper. The Baltic Sea Day St. Petersburg , March 21-2 3, 200 7.

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Suggestions of methods to oxygenize the deeper part of The Baltic Proper

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  1. Suggestions of methods to oxygenize the deeper part of The Baltic Proper The Baltic Sea DaySt. Petersburg, March 21-23, 2007 Peter Kjaerboe1, Stefan Nyström, Arne Moberg2, and Nick Aladin31 – KTH, 2 - o2gruppen, 3 - LaboratoryBrackish Water Hydrobiology, Zoological Institute of RAS

  2. Systems forced by natural renewable energy More efficient systems commonly found in nature Efficiency

  3. Red area, oxygen less than 2 ml/l Black, hydrogen sulphide no life except certain bacteria October 2006, SMHI Problem: oxygen-deficit in The Baltic Sea

  4. Among other species, neccesary for diversity and survival of mankind, this pal can be saved Value of fish 1 billion euros and tourism 0,2 billion euros per year What if we succed to oxygenize The Baltic?

  5. Rain 200 Brakish out 1 000 Salt in 500 Evaporation 200 Run off 500 ”Continuity of mass” yearly flows, q, km 3 /year

  6. Section view From Sea Research institute Helsinki, Finland Salt water entrainement into The Baltic Sea, plan view Circulation in The Baltic Sea

  7. Density depends on temperature and salinity • Plimsoll, legend Example ship side

  8. Syreverk, idea presented 2005 in Gotland • Syreverk can mix sweet with salt, picture. It can also mix sweet

  9. Waves, energy from wind • Kinetic energy transformed into potential

  10. Hydraulic model

  11. Syreverk during test, • Scale length 1:85 velocity 1:9

  12. Wessel with model

  13. Run off through Danish sounds except west Sweden and Denmark

  14. Saltlock in The Big Belt sound, idea presented in 2005 • Meteorological tide causes alternating flow in/out • Moore salt can be brought into the Baltic Sea by reducing the outflow, also look at http://o2gruppen.se/swe.html

  15. Located in Denmark, Big Belt Sound

  16. Saltlock overview Saltlock closed Saltlock open Saltlock

  17. Cyclones with low air- pressure passing Denmark brings water Saltlock open when inflow, closed when outflow Mechanism

  18. Wind and surface currents

  19. Direction and approximate values of currents due to meteorological tide a b c • Velocity profile in Big Belt Sound regarding saltinflow, bottom, and brackish water flow. Approximate velocities around 0,2 to 0,4 knots, a. When easterly or southerly wind reaches 25 m/s the outflow has an average velocity of 1 knot, b. Inflow, velocity profile with an average velocity of approximately 1,25 knots. This occurs when westerly or northerly winds reaches 25 m/s.

  20. More info! • O2gruppen see http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4607854240164995996  and http://o2gruppen.se

  21. Oscillations, time and causes • Thousands of years due to ice • 250 years due to change of speed of earth rotation • 80 year due to solar activity atmospheric activity, cyclone-anticyclone • Yearly due to change of inclination of rotation • Monthly due to gravitational forces with moon • Weekly due to cyclone ocillations • Daily due to rotation • Hours due to moon • Minutes due to wind, waves • Seconds due to breathing

  22. Adaptation • Living species have been developed with these oscillations and has adapted to them • Examples are hibernation, diapause, even resting during every seven day, Sunday

  23. Windows examples The floatglass and the window is one of the more important engineering ideas lately. Most people can afford good hygiene indoors, light is good for health and makes cleaning possible, (You can see!), without high heating cost Several panes affordable! Peter works with heating of buildings

  24. Measures, example Insulation, furnace Knives, penicilin Plough, stove, refrigerator Pencil, computer Tools Wheels, ship on water and in air … Situation, example Except in building hygiene also Health Food production and preparation Work Industry Transport … Engineering measures are used in many all day situations

  25. As long we can argue without reservations and with somebody listening we can find solutions either stop, replace or invent something better However man made solutions always less efficient than natural Engineering have always both positive and negative consequences

  26. Present work • Model 3 will soon be presented • Model 4 will soon be presented

  27. Thank You for Your attention

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