Exploring the Form and Function of Design

1. Intermediate 2 and Higher Written Exam Prep/ Form and Function of Design • How to respond to a design • You will write 10 points about the form and function of a design for question (a) of the written exam. • Look at the specific design and think about these questions to ask yourself. • Get into the way of asking yourself the questions below and you will find it easier and easier to respond to any design. Designers are always trying to find the perfect balance between a design looking good and working well.Form verses Function! Form – What does it look like? What does the look of the design remind you of? What is the theme that inspired the design? What colours are used? What is the colour scheme? What qualities do the colours have? How are the colours/shapes/lines/images connected to what the design does? What contrasts are there? What qualities do the materials have? What do the materials look like? What shapes and lines are there? How are the shapes and lines connected to the 3-D Shape? How are the shapes, lines and 3-D forms connected to the design’s function? How does the design interact with the user? It is comfortable or not? Why? When was it made? Does it look like it is from a specific period in history? Function – What does it do? Imagine using the design. What would be good and bad about using it? Why would someone pay money for it? Who will use it ? What will they use it for ? When will they use it ? Where will they use it ? Why will they use it ? How will they use it ? What problems might happen to the design? Are there similar designs that do the same job? What makes them better or worse? How has the design changed over time? What improvements or problems have happened through the history of the design? VS

2. Target Market/ Who would use the design? Writing about designs is different to writing about artwork because designs should have a function; they should work. Designs have a job to do, a use, a purpose. When you are looking at design think about trying it on or using it. If you don’t think the design is for you, think who it has been designed for. Who would use this design? Who would want to use the design and why would they be attracted to it? Who would pay money to use it? You must fully describe this person and give reasons why they would use it – Age group, male/female, job, wealth, interests, physical features. Think what qualities, personality and needs they have. Describe specific parts or qualities the design has and why this would be good for the person who would use it. Next, think about parts of the design which the person would not like or make it difficult for them to use. Think about all the different types of people in the world and what design would suit them -

3. Critical/Design Studies/Word Bank Form Materials Elements Details Properties Range Three-dimensional Connecting Eye-catching Attention-seeking Developed Created Impact Contemporary Modern New Old-fashioned Colour Scheme Bold Bright Restrained Contrast Contrasting Clashing Dramatic Style Design Movement Fashionable Mass-produced Bespoke Hand Made Simple Complicated Expensive Inexpensive Cheap Rich Encrusted Adorned Restrained Simplified Minimal Unique Inspired Rich Luxurious Attractive Dangerous Rebellious Edgy Reaction Textured Loose Tight Draped Rippled Ridged Edge Point Pointed Natural Nature Man-Made Un-natural Organic Flowing Sinuous S-Shaped Geometric Flat Sharp Sleek Elegant Sophisticated Elongated Stretched Focus Ripped Assembled Repeated Vibrant Shiny Metallic Reflective Bright Clean Powerful Neutral Empowering Function Function Use Using Useful The user The wearer Wearable Wearing Suitable Ideal Performance Performing Fashionable Inspired Fitted Various Light-weight Worn Wearing Successful Younger Older Effective Limited Produced Sensitive Easy Complicated Materials Built Constructed Made Created Produced Complex Design Movement Modern Contemporary Old Fashioned Retro time period History of it’s time Age Hand-made Machine-made Moulded Hard wearing Tough Durable Breakable Delicate Structure Structured Simple Minimal Uncluttered Decorated Elaborate Busy Over the top Flexible Light weight Heavy Robust Large Small Cumbersome Comfortable Uncomfortable Breathable Layered Proportions Scale

4. Critical/Design Studies/Writing Frame Start or include some of the words and phrases below when writing about designers and designs- [this is an example of a word you want to use in your sentence] The designer has used.. The design shows.. The layout of the design.. The function of the design.. The market this design is aimed at is.. The target market would be.. This design would attract.. These [shapes] reflect.. These [shapes] remind me of.. The qualities the materials have are.. This communicates.. This gives a sense of.. The use of [line] in the design.. There is a limited colour scheme of.. This contrasts with.. The contrasting [shapes] of.. The structure of the design.. When using this design.. ..this makes the [shape] stand out. ..this emphasises the [shape]. ..this is linked to.. ..this can be compared to..

5. At Intermediate 2 and Higher level you will sit a written exam in May and Prelim in January. You will be asked to answer two questions about design. Question (a) will ask you to write 10 points about a fashion/Textile design shown in exam. Question (b) will ask you to write 10 points (int 2) or 20 points (Higher) about two fashion/Textile designers and their work. Snowboarding Jacket design Convergent Snowboarding Jacket HellyTech Fabric 2008 Write 10 clear points responding to this design. Describe it’s form fully and how suitable it is as a snowboarding jacket. Describe fully the target market this design is aimed at. Special features include an interior iPod pocket, snap-away powder skirt and a goggle pocket. The outside of this jacket features HellyTech fabric as well as an adjustable hood and pit vents. This jacket also has a relaxed fit.

6. Snowboarding Jacket design Convergent Snowboarding Jacket HellyTech Fabric 2008 Billabong Wolle Men’s Jacket Designed by pro- rider Wolfgan Nyvelt 2009 • 100%-recycled polyester herringbone material • Polar fleece lining • Full-length interior and exterior storm flap • Polar fleece collar with chinguard Cargo pockets • Elastic bungee cord hem Special features include an interior iPod pocket, snap-away powder skirt and a goggle pocket. The outside of this jacket features HellyTech fabric as well as an adjustable hood and pit vents. This jacket also has a relaxed fit to make comfort ideal while riding the hills.

7. Peep toe ankle boot Leather 2009 Alexander McQueen/ shoe design Armadillo/python Platform Shoe Leather, animal print, wood 2009 Height - 13 inches Quote from a fashion website review These boots are so incredibly cool. A sort of tribute to Michael Jackson. They look like the leather jackets he wore back in the Thriller days. These boots are the Alexander McQueen Peep Toe Ankle Boot and they come in both silver and black and they can be worn with the 'collar' up or snapped down. Personally, I like it snapped down. Check out the skull shaped zipper pull. They have a 4.5 inch heel and a .5 inch platform. $1,159. 

8. NIKE MERCURIAL VAPOUR SL, Limited Edition (2000 pairs) Football boot, Carbon Fibre, 190 grams, £239.00, 2009 Write 10 points about this design. Comment on use and handling of materials, fitness of materials and the success of the design as a football boot. Explain how the design’s qualities would affect the performance of the wearer. Explain who the design would appeal to. Give reasons.

9. Steel Toe-capped Football Boot, Leather, Iron studs, cotton laces, circa 1850. Write 10 points about this design. Comment on use and handling of materials, fitness of materials and the success of the design as a football boot. Explain how the design’s qualities would affect the performance of the wearer. Explain who the design would appeal to. Give reasons.

10. Shirt Striped brown and white cotton with stenciled and painted slogans, appliquéd patches 1976 Vivienne Westwood/Fashion and Textile design Harris Tweed/Camouflage Collection Printed fabric, wool, silk 1995 Design and quote from Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York ‘..an anarchy shirt—distressed to look old, with bleached-out stripes, and appliquéd with badges, flags and slogans: 'Only anarchists are Pretty!,' 'Dangerously close to Love,' 'We are not afraid of Ruins,' 'Chaos,' and a woven label from Chinatown of the portrait of Karl Marx, to which Malcolm added a swastika. This shirt looked as if it belonged to an urban guerilla and Malcolm saw in it the key to a new collection of clothes. All the current themes—rips, zips, porn, slogans, bondage and chains–were pressed into service and punk style was born’

11. Butterfly/Peacock Hat Silk, feathers, fabric, paper butterflies 2008 Philip Treacy/Fashion and Textile Hat design Target Market/ Client – This design was specially made for Sarah Jessica Parker to wear at the ‘Sex and the City’ Film premier. Other people attracted to Treacy’s designs include Lady GaGa and Isabella Blow. The Devil Hat Silk, Lace, wire 2005

12. Stephen Jones/Fashion and Textile Hat design Loopy Silk, Fastenator, Metal rings. 2010 Napoleon Hat Metallic finish fabrics, silk, feathers, metal 2008 Target Market/ Client – People attracted to Treacy’s designs and who have hats designed for them include Madonna, David Bowie, Gwen Stefani, Naomi Campbell and the Queen Mother. 'A hat is not something you merely put on, but is something you become.' Philip Treacy Milliner

13. At Intermediate 2 and Higher level you will sit a written exam in May and Prelim in January. You will be asked to answer two questions about design. Question (a) will ask you to write 10 points about a fashion/Textile design shown in exam. Question (b) will ask you to write 10 points (int 2) or 20 points (Higher) about two fashion/Textile designers and their work. John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design Dress from Spring/Summer Couture collection. Metallic finish silk, jewels 2004 Quote from Style.com - Beginning with Erin O’Connor, resplendent in a gold outfit with massively overblown cuffs, painted face, and a huge empress headdress, Galliano worked what he called “the sphinx line: elongated, tight, attenuated.

14. John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design Dress from Autumn/Winter Couture collection. Metallic finish silk, Synamay, torn fabric 2010 Dress from Autumn/winter Couture collection. Silk, wool, jewels 2010

15. John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design Dress from Spring/Summer Couture collection. Metallic finish silk, wool, jewels 2010 Dress from Autumn/Winter Couture collection. Metallic finish silk, transparent silk, Synamay 2010

16. John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design John Galliano/Fashion and Textile design Dress from Spring/Summer Couture collection. Dyed Silk, wool, jewels 2010 Dress from Autumn/winter Couture collection. Cotton, wool, jewels, pom-poms 2010

17. Jerseys/Cycle Racing design World, Jolly Roger Cycle Jersey Thermodress, polyester 2009 Blox, Aotearoa Cycle Jersey Thermodress, polyester 2009 • Extra long 45cm front zip for extreme venting • KOM Port to keep your headphone and race communication cords hidden. Three rear pockets • It reduces the energy required to cool the body core, increasing performance and endurance.

18. Body Suit/Motorcycle Rally design KLIM D30 extreme rally jacket and trousers. Jacket: £900, trousers £500, GOR-TEX fabrics, 2009

19. Body Suit/Motorcycle Rally design World, Jolly Roger Cycle Jersey Thermodress, polyester 2009 D30 extreme rally jacket and trousers. Jacket: £900, trousers £500, GOR-TEX fabrics, 2009

20. Design Essay/ Sport Shoe design • NIKE Oregon Waffle Track and Field Trainer • 1973 • £15 • Lightweight material – rubber, polyester and cotton. • Eye-catching colour scheme. • Waffle sole developed for flexibility and lightness. • This was one of the first shoes Nike made. • The Designer used the shape of his wife’s iron as inspiration for the form of the shoe’s sole suitable for athletes.

21. Design Essay/ Sport Shoe design • PUMA AMQ Ribcage Trainer • Collaboration between Alexander McQueen and PUMA • 2009 • £250 • Upper blends canvas, gradient leather and plastic rib cage overlay • Cushioned midsole for comfort and support • 3D treaded rubber outsole for traction • “In this collaboration between PUMA and British couture demigod Alexander McQueen, the human rib cage, tendons and veins served as the design inspiration.” PUMA Website • The shoe features an intricate mesh work that resembles a network of tendons on the foot.

22. Design Essay/ Football boot design History ‘King Henry VIII’s football boots were listed within the Great Wardrobe of 1526, a shopping list of the day. They were made by his personal shoemaker Cornelius Johnson in 1525, at a cost of 4 shillings, the equivalent of £100 in today’s money. Little is known about them, as there is no surviving example, but the royal football boots are known to have been made of strong leather, ankle high and heavier than the normal shoe of the day.’ Footyboots.com Examples of the first studded football boots – Materials - Pig Skin leather, steel studs and toecap, thick cotton laces, Hand-Made and stitched. Weight – 2kg Date - 1880

23. Design Essay/ Football boot design Nike Mercurial Vapor III football boot Materials – Plastic, Synthetic, breathable leather, carbon fibre Weight – 200g Price – £135 Date - 2009 Function Performance: Extremely light (less than 200g), due to its Teijin synthetic upper and the light weight carbon fibre heel. This makes for a speedy results and a good close feel of the ball. The sole of the football boot consists of a moulded design, ideal for firm ground. The studs are angled differently, with different lengths which gives optimum traction for quick acceleration and change of direction. Comfort: The synthetic ‘NikeSkin’ is very forgiving on the foot and moulds to the contours of the individual. The breathable, cushioned internal heel cup offers heel support and reduces movement. Players: Thierry Henry, Adriano and Ronaldo wore this design at the World Cup 2010

24. Design Essay/Jewellery design Title – Dragonfly woman corsage ornament Type of Jewellery – Corsage/Brooch Designer - René Lalique Materials - gold, moonstones, and diamonds Date – 1897 Length – 25 cm Design Movement – Art Nouveau (New Art) • This design has lots of qualities which make it look typical of a design belonging to the Art Nouveau design Movement. • A design movement is a group of designer’s whose work or ideas behind the work had something in common. • This could be to do with - • What the designs looked like, how they were made or what they were used for • What inspired the designers • What was happening in the world at the time • What had been designed in the past and what the designers wanted to change. Function; Wearing a corsage

25. So what makes designs LOOK Art Nouveau? • Investigation – • Nature/Organic forms • Flowers, Plants • Natural Lines • Shapes and Colours • Exotic animals • The Female body • Long flowing hair • Development – • Stretching, flowing, elegant Lines and Shapes. • Simplified details, • S-Shapes and curves. • Elongated and sinous • Materials – • Expensive and exotic. • Gold and Diamonds • Precious jewels and stones • Hard Woods from exotic places; Mahogany, Teek • Glass • Colour Schemes – • Natural colours; Sage Green, olive green, Mustard yellow, peacock blue, Wood • Muted colours • Secondary Colours; Greens and Purples, Violets, Lilac • Peacock Tail Feathers • All White • Target Market – • Rich, sophisticated women. Women who have a special occasion or event to attend and be seen at. • People interested in new, exciting and romantic designs.

26. Design Essay/Jewellery design Farrah Al-Dujaili http://farrahal-dujaili.blogspot.com/ Yu Ping Un http://yuxilin.blogspot.com/ Miriam Rowe http://miriamrowe.wordpress.com/artist-statement/ Click on one of the links above to see examples of designer’s work. Use ‘Form and Function of Design’ question sheet to describe what the design looks like and what it does. If link does not work; copy and paste whole link into web browser bar on the internet. Contemporary

27. Design Essay/Jewellery design Miriam Rowe Rowe was inspired by old wallpaper she saw in her Granny’s house from the late 1800’s. The Designer investigated the visual qualities of the wallpaper; pattern, colour, detail, texture, shape and line. The Designer then developed these qualities into a brooch design. Contemporary

28. Design Essay/ Graphic design - Posters Title – ‘Mister Tambourine Man’ Homage to Bob Dylan Function – Poster promoting Bob Dylan’s single ‘Mister Tambourine Man. Printed in the seventh issue of the controversial ‘OZ magazine’. Graphic Designer – Martin Sharp Materials/Process – Collage, Screenprint Date - October 1967

29. Design Essay/ Graphic design - Posters Title – ‘The Yardbirds at the Filmore Auditorium’ Function – Poster promoting concert of Psychedelic music, The Yardbirds at the Filmore Auditorium in San Francisco in 1967 Graphic Designer – Bonnie MacLean Materials/Process – Silkscreen print Date - 1967 Title – The Who at Filmore East, New York’ Function – Poster promoting ‘The Who’ concert Graphic Designer – Helen Hersh. Materials/Process – Silkscreen Print Date - 1968

30. Design Essay/ Graphic design - Posters This silhouette cut-out by Marcel Duchamp was in the back of my mind when I created the Dylan poster. In addition to the Duchamp silhouette, the other significant graphic element in this piece is the quality, shape, and color of the hair. In some ways these elements were influenced by my interest in Islamic painting. This particular piece is probably the most familiar of my works, if only for the fact that nearly six million were produced for enclosure in a Dylan album. One day a French photographer visited the studio and told the following story: He was on assignment traveling up the Amazon and stopped in a village of about one hundred Indians. He entered a hut and, as his eyes grew accustomed to the darkness, he saw the Dylan poster on the wall. He never was able to find out how it got there. Title – ‘Dylan’ Function – Poster promoting a new Bob Dylan Album. A copy of the poster was included with the album. Graphic Designer – Milton Glazer Materials/Process – Screen Print Date - 1967

31. Design Essay/ Graphic design - Posters Title – ‘Anarchy In The U.K.’ Function – Poster promoting punk band ‘The Sex Pistols’ British tour Graphic Designer – Jamie Reid Materials/Process – Photocopied Collage, Ink Date - 1977

32. Design Essay/ Graphic design - Posters The factory club nights were held in a bar which was in the middle of an industrial estate. At the time many factories in this area of Moss Side, Manchester were closing down. Peter Saville was asked to create a poster promoting this new club night for new bands who were inspired by the punk movement. Title – ‘The Factory’ Promotional Poster Function – Poster promoting new music venue ‘The Factory and gigs Graphic Designer – Peter Saville Materials/Process – Photocopied Collage, Ink Date - 1978

33. Higher + Int 2 exam preparation/Contemporary Design Research • To Do.. • Choose a designer using library, internet, gallery visits. • Research relevant information about your chosen designer; • Born, College, Early career, Influences/Themes, Examples of work, Production of work. • 3. Now write 10 points about your chosen designer. • 4. Select one design they have made. Make 10 clear points responding to design (like Question 1. of written exam). • Use the following information so you can answer Question 2 of the written exam. • Costume/Mask/Production designers • Richard Taylor – Lord of the Rings (films) • Jamie Hewlett – Monkey: Journey to the West (musical/opera) • Keywords for Internet search • Wikipedia Richard Taylor Jamie Hewlett