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Hello Pennsylvania

Hello Pennsylvania. Geography Facts 46, 058.2 square miles 29 million acres Highest Pt Mt. Davis, Somerset county 3,213 ft Lowest Pt Delaware river (at sea level). Geography. Length 180 miles Width 310 miles 33 rd in size 1/12 th of Alaska 38 x R. I. Cook Forest. 7,182 acre

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Hello Pennsylvania

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  1. Hello Pennsylvania • Geography Facts • 46, 058.2 square miles • 29 million acres • Highest Pt • Mt. Davis, Somerset county • 3,213 ft • Lowest Pt • Delaware river (at sea level)

  2. Geography • Length • 180 miles • Width • 310 miles • 33rd in size • 1/12th of Alaska • 38 x R. I.

  3. Cook Forest • 7,182 acre • “The Black Forest” • Old growth forest • Towering white pines and hemlocks • Clarion river

  4. Cook Forest • When the Europeans arrived in the area in the 1700s, the Seneca Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy used this area as hunting grounds. • In 1757, the Proprietary Council of Pennsylvania sent Moravian missionary Christian Frederick Post to convince the Seneca to join the British in the French and Indian War • but the Seneca sided with the French. The English won the war and eventually purchased the land from the Iroquois

  5. Allegheny National Forest • Elk, Mckean, Forest, and Warren Counties • 513, 000 acres • Remember • 1 acre = .001562 • Cook 11.22 square miles • Allegheny 801.56 square miles • = 1.77% of the total area of PA • Easy drive

  6. William Penn • Owned it all ~ 300 ya • No commoner in history, before or since, personally possessed so much land • Only saw tiny fraction of state • Population • Only 4 other states have more people • 1776 • ~ 300,000 • 2009 • ~13 million • Native – most likely to stay • 1/3 live in rural surroundings • Largest non-urban population in nation

  7. Students • 1st to attend state supported free puplic school system • Not compulsory • Until House sponsored Farr Bill in 1895 • 2 million elementary and secondary school pupils • More than height of baby boomers • More earn high school diplomas than national average • Record enrollments in PA’s 225 colleges/universities • ~17 in close proximity

  8. Workforce • 5.5 million employed in commonwealth • Many still work in manufacturing industry • Recent years shifted towards high technology, health care and tourism • Most employed less than 25 minutes from home • 3rd lowest automobile mileage in nation • 6,900 miles a year put on odometers

  9. Wildlife of PA • Streams • Brook trout • Salmon • Walleyed pike

  10. Wildlife of PA • Varied habitat • Woodchuck • Waterfowl • Rabbit • Fox • Bobcat • Beaver • Red-winged blackbird • Downy woodpecker • Hundreds of other birds and animal species

  11. Elk • Largest mammal • Size • Calf – 35 lbs • Cow – 500 lbs • 4.5 feet shoulder • 6.3 feet from nose to tail • Bull – 700 lbs • 5 feet shoulder • 8 feet nose to tail

  12. Color • Deep copper/brown/light tan • Rump patch • Beige • Antlers (40 lbs) • Males • Display dominance • Grown annually

  13. Communication of Elk • Body Postures • "head high threat" • "head low threat" • Squeals/barks/bugles • Bugles • Warning, mating, submissive, contact • Scent • Urination • for individual recognition • for tracking • for alarm • Breeding (readiness, hold, and phermones) • health of the animal • Dominance

  14. Breeding • Season • Mate in autumn • Gestation • 8 ½ months • Birth mid May/early June • “Rut” • Cows and caves live in harems • Bulls live in bachelor groups or near harems

  15. Habitat • Coastal forest to alpine meadows • Dry desert valleys to mountain ranges • Food & water • Grass/woody plants in winter • Grass/flowering plants in fall, spring, summer • Shelter • Protects • Weather and predators • Space • 100 square miles • Predators • Humans, bears, mountain lions, wolves, coyotes

  16. Habitat … • Coexist with many animals seen in deciduous and coniferous forest • Prior to 1800 throughout N.A, except Alaska and Florida • Today • AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, ID, KS, KY, MI, MN, MT, ND, OK, OR, PA (ELK BREEDING AND REPLACEMENT), SD, TX, UT, WA, WI, WY • CANADIAN PROVIDENCES • ALBERTA, BC, MANITOBA, NW, ONT, SASK, YUKON

  17. Population • 1 million in NA • ~10% of population in NA before European settlement

  18. White-tailed Deer Biology and Adaptations By David R. Jackson Penn State Cooperative Extension March 2008 PA Game Commission

  19. White-tailed deer: Odocoileus virginianus

  20. White-tailed deer are the most widely distributed large animal in North America. White-tailed deer range Hinterland Who’s Who

  21. Named for the white hairs on the underside of it’s tail. When startled by danger and fleeing an area whitetails “flag” their tails as a warning signal. Scott Bauer, USDA ARS, www.forestryimages.org

  22. The whitetails coat is reddish brown in summer and turns to a gray brown in fall and winter. Summer Coat Winter Coat Kenneth M. Gale, , Bugwood.org Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org

  23. A fawns spotted coat serves as camouflage. The spots imitate sunlight hitting the forest floor. Dale Wade, Rx Fire Doctor, Bugwood.org

  24. Most fawns are born during May and June. In good habitat, does generally have twins. www.mynaturephotos.com

  25. A whitetail’s keen senses of smell, vision, and hearing help them detect danger from predators including bear, coyotes, bobcats, and humans! John Stehn, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

  26. Whitetails can run and bound through dense vegetation at 40 miles per hour. U.S. Fish and Wildlife

  27. White-tailed deer, like cows, are ruminants or “cud” chewers. They have a 4 chambered stomach. The first chamber, called the rumen, stores food which is later regurgitated, chewed, and swallowed. The Hunting and Fishing Library

  28. Deer are predominantly browsers feeding on leaves, buds, and twigs. An average adult deer requires 4-8 pounds of forage per day. Hunting and Fishing Library

  29. In heavily hunted areas deer rarely live past 3 years of age. Where hunting pressure is light deer may live to be 10 years of age. http://en.wikipedia.org Fawns can be recognized by their shorter facial features.

  30. Antler and body size is used to estimate a whitetail’s age. Here a six month old “button” buck is shown beside a mature 41/2 year old buck. J. Snavely

  31. The pattern of tooth replacement and wear is used by biologists to determine a whitetail’s age. USGS, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center

  32. A bucks antlers are covered with “velvet” while they are growing. Texas Parks and Wildlife

  33. Many factors affect a whitetail’s antler development, including:1. Diet - Nutrition2. Age 3. Genetics 4. Herd Management http://www.deerhunting.ws/deeraging.htm

  34. Whitetails leave many signs behind as evidence of their presence. Ground Scrape Browse Buck Rub Rich Geffert Droppings D.R. Jackson Track S.S. Smith D.R. Jackson A. Moors CouesWhitetail.com

  35. Whitetail Habitat www.mynaturephotos.com • Cover- necessary to elude hunters and other • predators and for protection from the weather • Space - area required to escape predators, • locate a mate, and find sufficient food, water and • cover • Food - consists of an abundant supply of grasses, forbs, browse, nuts, fruit, and crops • Water - generally not a limiting factor, obtain much of what they need from the plants they eat

  36. A young seedling/sapling forest provides excellent habitat. Whitetails also prefer “edges” or transition areas between fields and forests. Donna Dewhurst, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

  37. White-tailed deer are a valuable, renewable, natural resource that must be managed

  38. Famous Pennsylvanians • Rachel Carson • Springdale, PA • Pennsylvania College for Women (now Chatham College) in 1929, studied at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, • MA in zoology from Johns Hopkins University in 1932. • 1936 • first woman to take and pass the civil service test • joined the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries as the writer of a radio show entitled "Romance Under the Waters," • Wrote numerous pamphlets on conservation and Life under seas • Bureau of Fisheries • full-time junior biologist, • chief editor of all publications for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • She resigned from her government position in 1952 • Wrote articles to teach people about the beauty of the living world • "Help Your Child to Wonder," (1956) and "Our Ever-Changing Shore" (1957) • Silent Spring, 1962, • challenged the practices of agricultural scientists and the government, and called for a change in the way humankind viewed the natural world. • influenced President Kennedy • call for testing of the chemicals mentioned in the book. • Carson has been called the mother of the modern environmental movement.

  39. Edward Goodrich Acheson inventor, WashingtonLouisa May Alcott author, GermantownMaxwell Anderson playwright, AtlanticSamuel Barber composer, West ChesterJohn Barrymore actor, PhiladelphiaDonald Barthelme author, PhiladelphiaStephen Vincent Benet poet, story writer, BethlehemDaniel Boone frontiersman, ReadingJames Buchanan U.S. president, MercersburgAlexander Calder sculptor, PhiladelphiaRachel Carson biologist, author, SpringdaleMary Cassatt painter, AlleghenyGeorge Catlin indian expert, poet, Wilkes-BarreHenry Steele Commager historian, PittsburghBill Cosby actor, PhiladelphiaStuart Davis painter, PhiladelphiaWalter E. Diemer inventor, PhiladelphiaJimmy Dorsey band leader, ShenandoahTommy Dorsey band leader, Mahanoy PlaneOliver Evans inventor, PhiladelphiaW. C. Fields comedian, PhiladelphiaStephen Foster composer, PittsburghRobert Fulton inventor, Lancaster CountyHenry George economist, PhiladelphiaMartha Graham choreographer, PittsburghAlexander Haig secretary of state, Bala-CynwydWilliam Edward Hanford inventor, BristolMarilyn Horne mezzo-soprano, BradfordLee Iacocca auto executive, AllentownReggie Jackson baseball player, WyncoteAndrew Wyeth painter, Chadds Ford Robinson Jeffers poet, PittsburghGene Kelly dancer, actor, PittsburghJim Kelly football player, East BradyGelsey Kirkland ballerina, BethlehemStephanie Louise Kwolek inventor, New KensingtonS. S. Kresge merchant, Bald MountMario Lanza actor, singer, PhiladelphiaTara Lipinski figure skater, PhiladelphiaGeorge C. Marshall five-star general, UniontownGeorge McClellan general, PhiladelphiaMargaret Mead anthropologist, PhiladelphiaAndrew Mellon financier, PittsburghTom Mix actor, Mix RunHezekiah Niles journalist, Jeffers FordArnold Palmer golfer, YoungstownRobert E. Peary explorer, CressonMan Ray painter, photographer, PhiladelphiaMary Roberts Rinehart author, PittsburghBetsy Griscom Ross flagmaker, PhiladelphiaB. F. Skinner psychologist, SusquehannaJohn Sloan painter, Loch HavenGertrude Stein author, AlleghenyJames Stewart actor, IndianaGeorge R. Stibitz inventor, YorkJohn Updike author, ShillingtonHonus Wagner baseball player, CarnegieFred Waring band leader, TyroneEthel Waters singer, actress, ChesterAnthony Wayne military officer, Waynesboro Famous Pennsylvanians

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