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Section 3: Metals. What are the physical properties of metals? How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table ?. Properties of Metals. Physical Properties Luster—shiny or reflective Malleability—can be shaped without breaking Ductility—can be stretched or rolled out
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Section 3:Metals • What are the physical properties of metals? • How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?
Properties of Metals • Physical Properties • Luster—shiny or reflective • Malleability—can be shaped without breaking • Ductility—can be stretched or rolled out • Conductivity—electricity and heat move through it
Properties of Metals • Chemical Properties • React by losing electrons • Are less reactive toward the center of the table • Many corrode with air or water
Metals in the Periodic Table • Alkali Metals • Group 1 • Lose 1 electron in reactions • Most reactive metals • Very soft
Metals in the Periodic Table • Alkaline-Earth Metals • Group 2 • Lose 2 electron in reactions • 2nd most reactive metals • Hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity
Metals in the Periodic Table • Transition Metals • Group 3-12 “the center” • Less reactive metals • Form minerals in lava and rock • Can corrode slowly • Hard, shiny, good electric conductors
Metals in the Periodic Table • Mixed Group Metals • Group 13-15 • Reactive metals • Common
Melting Points in a Group of Elements • The properties of elements within a single group in the periodic table often vary in a certain pattern. The following graph shows the melting points of Group 1 elements (alkali metals) from lithium to francium.
Melting points decrease from lithium to francium. Reading Graphs: As you look at Group 1 from lithium to francium, describe how the melting points of the alkali metals change. Melting Points in a Group of Elements
New element 119 should have a melting point of approximately 25ºC or lower. Predicting: If element number 119 were synthesized, it would fall below francium in Group 1 of the periodic table. Predict the approximate melting point of new element 119. Melting Points in a Group of Elements
Cesium, francium Interpreting Data: Which of the alkali metals are liquids at 35ºC? Melting Points in a Group of Elements
Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals • What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?
Properties of Nonmetals • Physical Properties • Opposite of metals • Most are gases • Solids are poor conductors, dull, brittle
Properties of Nonmetals • Chemical Properties • Gain or share electrons when reacting • The basis for living things.
Families of Nonmetals • Carbon Family • Gain or share 4 electrons when reacting • Carbon is essential to molecules of life.
Families of Nonmetals • Nitrogen Family • Gain or share 3 electrons when reacting • More reactive than the carbon family
Families of Nonmetals • Oxygen Family • Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting • More reactive than the nitrogen family
Families of Nonmetals • HalogenFamily • Gain or share 1 electrons when reacting • Most reactive of ALL element groups • Salt forming elements
Families of Nonmetals • Inert (AKA Nobel) Gases • Do NOT react • Last to be discovered
Families of Nonmetals • Hydrogen • NOT in any family of elements • Will lose or share its only electron in reactions • Most pure hydrogen found in stars