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WEATHERING

WEATHERING. I. Introduction. II. Types of Weathering A. Mechanical/Physical B. Chemical. Mechanical/Physical 1. Thermal Expansion and Contraction. 2. Ice Wedging/Frost Action. Water expands 9% when it freezes 30,000 psi. 2. Ice Wedging/Frost Action. 3. Exfoliation.

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WEATHERING

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  1. WEATHERING

  2. I. Introduction

  3. II. Types of WeatheringA. Mechanical/PhysicalB. Chemical

  4. Mechanical/Physical1. Thermal Expansion and Contraction

  5. 2. Ice Wedging/Frost Action • Water expands 9% when it freezes • 30,000 psi

  6. 2. Ice Wedging/Frost Action

  7. 3. Exfoliation

  8. 4. Action of Organisms

  9. Other Actions • Burrowing animals • Man

  10. Burrowing animalsEarthworms

  11. Burrowing animalsgroundhogs “taste like beef”

  12. MAN

  13. II B. Chemical Weathering • 1. Factors: • A. Type of Rock or Mineral

  14. B. Amount of Surface Area

  15. B. Amount of Surface Area

  16. C. Presence of Moisture

  17. C. Presence of Moisture

  18. D. Effects of Organisms

  19. E. Air and Water Pollution • Sulfur = acid rain

  20. II B. Chemical Weathering • 2. Mechanisms of Chemical Weathering

  21. A. Solution“the dissolving of a rock” CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 Carbon Carbonic Acid Dioxide

  22. A. Solution“the dissolving of a rock” CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 Carbon Carbonic Acid Dioxide H2CO3 + CaCO3 = Ca+ + 2HCO3- Carbonic Limestone Bicarbonate Acid

  23. A. Solution“the dissolving of a rock” More recently….. 2SO2 + 2H2O + O2 = 2H2SO4

  24. A. Solution“the dissolving of a rock” More recently….. 2SO2 + 2H2O + O2 = 2H2SO4 Sulfur Sulfuric Dioxide Acid

  25. B. Hydration“chemically adding water to a rock” • CaSO4 + 2 H2O = CaSO4 * 2 H20 • Anhydrite Gypsum

  26. C. Hydrolysis“converting a silicate mineral into a clay via water” 2KAlSi3O8 + 2 H2CO3 + H20 = Orthoclase Carbonic Acid Water Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2K+ + 2HCO3- + 4 SiO2 Kaolinite Bicarbonate Quartz

  27. D. Oxidation: “process of rusting; the taking away of electrons” Fe2+ >>>> Fe3+

  28. D. Oxidation: “process of rusting; the taking away of electrons” Fe2+ >>>> Fe3+ Ferrous Ferric (dark) (red)

  29. D. Oxidation: “process of rusting; the taking away of electrons” Fe2+ >>>> Fe3+ Ferrous Ferric (dark) (red) 4Fe2+ + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3 iron hematite ore

  30. III. Rates of Weathering A. Climate

  31. Climate

  32. III. Rates of Weathering A. Climate B. Rock Structure and Composition

  33. III. Rates of Weathering • A. Climate • B. Rock Structure and Composition • C. Particle Size

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