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Explore the two modern systems of classification used in taxonomy, including the six kingdom system and the three domain system. Understand the characteristics and examples of each kingdom and domain.
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Two Modern Systems of ClassificationTaxonamy Classification systems are created by humans and therefore may be flawed. As is true of everything in science, classification systems are subject to change as new information arises. 1700’s – Plantae, Animalia Late 1800’s – Protista, Plantae, Animalia. 1950’s –Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia. 1990’s Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia.
Six Kingdom System A. Recognition of two broad types of bacteria drove the acceptance of a newer 6 kingdom system. B. Six Kingdoms 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia
2. Kingdom Archaebacteria ( Monera) A. Unicellular prokaryotes with distinctive cell membranes, microscopic. B. Some are autotrophic and produce food by chemosynthesis. C. Waste products include flammable gases (ex. Methane). D. Live in harsh environments such as sulfurous hot springs, very salty lakes and anaerobic environments (intestines of mammals) . E. Reproduce by binary fission, short generation time, 30 minutes.
3. Kingdom Eubacteria( Monera) A. eu = “true” B. Unicellular prokaryotes, microscopic. C. These are the bacteria that affect your life. 1. Cause tooth decay 2. Turn milk into yogurt 3. Causes food poisoning D. Most species are aerobic, some are anaerobic. E. Reproduce by binary fission, short generation time of 30 minutes.
4. Kingdom Protista – was once classified with plants A. Eukaryotic, heterotrophic and autotrophic, single celled organisms, many microscopic. 1. ex. Euglena B. Some species exist as multicellular. 1. ex, Giant kelp 2. Multicellular protist lack specialized tissues. 3. They have a true nucleus with linear chromosomes and membrane bound organelles.
C. Kingdom protista contains all eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. D. Sexual cycles of many protists are unknown but most are thought to have some process of genetic recombination. E. Most common types 1. Euglena 2. Amoebas
5. Kingdom Fungi A. Heterotrophic unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms. B. Fungi absorb nutrients rather than ingesting them. C. Sexual cycles are not known for many fungi. D. There are over 100,000 species of fungi, including mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts, mildews and molds.
6. Kingdom Plantae A. Multicellular plants, photosynthetic. B. Autotrophic and use photosynthesis as a source of energy 1. exceptions – few parasitic forms C. Most plants live on land and a sexual cycle based on meiosis D. More than 350,000 plants have been identified, includes mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants
7. Kingdom Animalia A. Eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophic organisms B. Most animals have symmetrical body organization and move about their environment C. Almost all animals have a standard sexual cycle that uses meiosis for the recombination of genes
9. Three Domain System A. Domain Archaea is the kingdom Archaebacteria. B. Domain Bacteria is the kingdom Eubacteria. C. Domain Eukarya contains the kingdoms protista, fungi, plants and animals.
