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Evolution

Evolution. The development of life in geological time. Today evolution refers to the origin from earlier life forms – the process that has transformed life from its earliest beginning to the vast diversity that has and does exist today. The Big Bang Theory. George Lemaitre.

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution • The development of life in geological time. • Today evolution refers to the origin from earlier life forms – the process that has transformed life from its earliest beginning to the vast diversity that has and does exist today.

  2. The Big Bang Theory

  3. George Lemaitre First proposed ‘big bang theory’

  4. Edwin Hubble All galaxies are moving away from us

  5. The Hubble Telescope

  6. 3.9 billion years old

  7. Where did life come from?

  8. Special Creation • Life created by a super natural being at a particular time

  9. ArchbishopUssher • 1654 • Life began on earth at 9am, 23rd October, 4004 BC • He based this on calculations form the bible

  10. William Paley (1802) • The fact that such complicated things exist is evidence for the existence of a creator!

  11. Panspermai • Life arrived form outer space

  12. Comet storms

  13. Fred Hoyle Life originated in outer space and came to earth riding on light beams

  14. Svente Arrhenius • Life originated in the form of spores and was then driven through space by the pressure of light from the sun.

  15. Watson and Crick • Crick – life has evolved twice. • Once from molecules to intelligent people elsewhere. • Once from bacteria to humans

  16. Evidence • Experiments have shown that when ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide are mixed with ice crystals in a vacuum and UV light applied – hundreds of organic molecules are formed. • Presence of bacteria in meteorites • Survival of bacteria in space

  17. 20 million year old BeeBacterai found in the resin were still alive!

  18. Cosmozoan Theory

  19. Life arrived from outer space • UFO’s • Cave drawings of dinosaurs • Kangaroos in SA

  20. Britney Spears • Alien?

  21. SpontaneousGeneration

  22. Aristotle (384BC-322BC) • Believed that certain particles contained an ‘Active ingredient’ which could produce life

  23. Van Helmont (1577-1644) • Recipe for spontaneous generation of mice • Dirty shirt • Dark cupboard • Wheat grains • Active ingredient - sweat

  24. Francisco Redi • This experiment asked questions about spontaneous generation

  25. Pasteur • Disproved the idea of spontaneous generation (1860)

  26. Biochemical Evolution • The formation of organic molecules from inorganic material

  27. Oparin – The Russian

  28. J.B.S. HaldaneThe Brit

  29. Jupiter • Atmosphere • Methane • Ammonia • Hydrogen • Water vapour • CO2

  30. Miller and Urey

  31. Miller and Ureys Experiment 1953

  32. Fred Hoyle • Life assembling from inorganic substances is – • “as improbable as a tornado blowing through a junk yard and assembling a 747”

  33. Protobionts

  34. Protobionts • Proto – First • Biont – life form • These are specialized droplets whose internal chemical characteristics differ markedly form their surroundings. • Capable of growth by engulfing other droplets • These were probably the precursors to prokaryotes • RNA could provide means of transferring information

  35. Bacteria – Clostridium tataniFirst life forms appear on earth around 3.5 billion years ago

  36. Prokaryote

  37. Bacteria - Prokaryotes

  38. So how do we get from Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes?

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