6.1: The Gilded Age—The Rise of Big Business & the Closing of the Western Frontier

1. 6.1: The Gilded Age—The Rise of Big Business & the Closing of the Western Frontier • Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successfulontheGHSGT”(p.105-107)

2. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 Industrialization Ranching, Mining, Farming Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow

3. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The South: After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the South entered the Jim Crow era

4. Sharecropping & Segregation

5. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The West: Farmers, ranchers, & miners closed the last of the frontier at the expense of Indians

6. Mining was the 1st attraction to the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver was discovered

7. Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”

8. The Farming Bonanza • In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years A pioneer sod house

9. Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the western leg 1sttranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869

11. Populists • Populists were westerners who wanted • “Free silver” (Bi-metalism) • Regulation of railroads • Income tax • Direction election of senators

12. Native Americans in the West: Major Battles & Reservations • Little Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer • Wounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual

13. The Original Native Americans Indian tribes retained only a few reservations set aside by the U.S. government

14. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The North: Experienced an industrial revolution, mass immigration, & urbanization

15. America became the world’s leader in railroad, steel, & oil production

16. “Big Business” • Monopolies (trusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry: • Rockefeller’s Standard Oil • Carnegie’s U.S. Steel • Vanderbilt’s railroads

20. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

21. “New Immigration” & Urbanization

23. Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________ immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed at ______ Island in the San Francisco Bay. European Angel

24. Working & Living Conditions

26. The Thirteenth Amendment ended 32 • slavery  • Black codes  • the Civil War  • Jim Crow Laws 9 10

27. The court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine was   32 • Marbury vs. Madison. • Dred Scott vs. Sanford. • Miranda vs. Arizona. • Plessy vs. Ferguson. 9 10

28. This labor union (created by Samuel Gompers) was open only to skilled, white male workers 32 • American Federation of Labor. • Knights of Labor. • Wobblies. • National Workers Association. 7 10

29. Poor, run-down urban apartments were also called: 32 • slums • tenements • suburbs • skyscrapers 9 10

30. Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the 32 • Battle of Little Big Horn • Battle of Potowanamie Creek • Massacre at Sand Creek. • Battle of Wounded Knee. 9 10

31. The two factors that did most to encourage western settlement after the Civil War were 32 • the gold rush & cattle economy • the Homestead Act & the railroad • removal of the buffalo & Native Americans from the plains • the removal of the Indians & the gold rush 9 10

32. Which best explains why Standard Oil was so successful 32 • interlocking directorate • buying stocks “on the margin” • labor unions • horizontal integration 9 10

33. Which population trend occurred in the U.S. from 1860 to 1920? 32 • fewer Eastern & Southern European immigrants coming to America • the growth of the suburbs • people moved from the North to the South • growth in American cities 9 10

34. 5 0 The size and power of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company caused which of the following? • The government created anti-trust laws. • The public accepted the benefits of monopolies. • Many other businessmen entered the oil business. • Many wealthy people chose to give away millions of dollars. 10

35. 5 0 Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890? • the desire to establish military posts • the building of new canals • the westward shift of the frontier • the desire for more land to grow cotton 10

37. 5 0 According to the pie charts on the previous slide, how did immigration to the United States change between 1854 and 1907? • The percentage of immigrants coming from Germany and Britain gradually increased. • By 1907, Russia replaced Britain as the source of the greatest number of immigrants. • The total number of immigrants coming to the United States declined. • The percentage of immigrants coming from southern and eastern Europe increased dramatically. 10