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Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982. Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982. 35 kW / m x 400 km = 14 GW Installed capacity (2009) = 12.2 GW Planned 19 GW Peak demand ~ 6 GW 14 GW x 8760 hours = 122 TWH
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Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982
Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982
35 kW / m x 400 km = 14 GW Installed capacity (2009) = 12.2 GW Planned 19 GW Peak demand ~ 6 GW 14 GW x 8760 hours = 122 TWH Annual Scottish demand = 29 TWH Ratio 4.2
From Lords Select Committee on European Communities HL paper 88 May 1988 2013 – 1982 = 31 years Cable length 43 km = 1333 km years. At 10 km years per fault this is 133 faults.
What’s wrong with wave energy? Control by nuclear people >False information Impatient investors >Unreliable components > Ignorance of stresses Waste of sea front by solo devices Inadequate installation equipment Preference for vertical motion.
R.A. McAdam , G.T. Houlsby , M.L.G. Oldfield Structural and Hydrodynamic Model Testing of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water TurbineEWTEC 2011
EWTEC Patras 1998 Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable-pitch with rim power take off.
EWTEC Patras 1998 Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable-pitch with rim power take off.
Cells are 1 minute of arc lat. 1.5 minutes long = 2.617 km2. Power = 6.165 TW x Cf Courtesy Proudman Labs
From Black and Veatch 2011. Using values for the Pentland Firth U = 3m/s, ρ = 1025 kg/m3, channel length = 23 km, channel width = 10 km in combination with a more appropriate bed friction coefficient CD = 0.0015 energy dissipated due to bed friction averaged over a tidal cycle calculated is 4.05 GW.
Laminaria Hyperborea (kelp) are found along the edges of the Pentland Firth at depths up to 30 m. Length can reach 3.5 metres. Cf = ?
68 mm bob Pentland bed stills. P Hayes. Fisheries Research Aberdeen 2006-8
What’s wrong with tidal stream designs? Ignorance of flow impedance. > Wrong energy input Open flow field equation in a ‘duct’ > Swept area too small Wrong blade support > Bearing load levered up Cramped power compartment Tip vortex losses
Google images Speed up x 30 Range up x 6000 Payload up x 20,000 Cost per ton-mile down ÷ 100