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OUTLINE

GLOBAL PHENOLOGY DATA GEO 2009-2001 Working Plan Sub-task Number: US-09-03d Elisabeth Koch, Mark D. Schwartz, Jake Weltzin. OUTLINE. Definition History of phenological research and networks Motivation of Global Phenology Data Status Quo of GPD Potential applications

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OUTLINE

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  1. GLOBAL PHENOLOGY DATAGEO 2009-2001 Working Plan Sub-task Number: US-09-03dElisabeth Koch, Mark D. Schwartz, Jake Weltzin

  2. OUTLINE • Definition • History of phenological research and networks • Motivation of Global Phenology Data • Status Quo of GPD • Potential applications • Major results of recent phenological studies

  3. DEFINITION Phenology is the study of the timing of recurring biological events in the animal and plant world Examples: Leaf unfolding and flowering of plants in spring, fruit ripening, colour changing and leaf fall in autumn, as well as the appearance and departure of migrating birds and the timing of animal breeding are all examples.

  4. HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS 1300 years of flowering of cherry in Kyoto Source A.Menzel

  5. HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS • Carolus Linnaeus • In Philosophia Botanica, 1751 he outlined methods for compiling annual plant calendars of leaf opening, flowering, fruiting and leaf fall, together with climatological observations “so as to show how areas differ”… • First known phenological network in Sweden and Finland 1750 - 1752

  6. HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS • Societas Meteorologia Palatina 1781-1791 1st pan European phenology network

  7. HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS • 19th to 20thcentury • US network run by the Smithsonian Institute1851 - 1859: 320 sites in 33 states • Belgium: Adolphe Quetelet 1840 - 1870iesapp. 80 sites in different West European countries • K.k. Monarchy: Carl Fritsch 1851 - 1877varying number of sites in former Austrian Hungarian monarchy • Europe: Hoffman & Ihne´s network 1884 - 1941

  8. MOTIVATION OF GLOBAL PHENOLOGY DATA • phenology has rapidly become an important tool for climate change impact studies (IPCC, 2007) • long phenological records are existing • plant development in mid and high latitude climate region is strongly dependant on temperature • thus plant development esp. in spring is an indicator for climate warming • and climate change & impacts can be communicated to the public very effectively via phenology • earlier onset of spring is much more as phenological events can be observed rather easily • observations can be carried out by citizen scientits

  9. STATUS QUO OF GPD http://www.usanpn.org/files/shared/images/data/FORS_opfl_09.png

  10. STATUS QUO OF GPD SI spring index: modelled lilac honeysuckle 1st bloom dates http://www.usanpn.org/files/shared/images/Schwartz_SIBloom_1996_0.png

  11. Pan European Phenology DB PEP725 STATUS QUO OF GPD

  12. Pan European Phenology DB PEP725 STATUS QUO OF GPD follow up COST725 http://www.zamg.ac.at/cost725/login.php

  13. Pan European Phenology DB PEP725 STATUS QUO OF GPD

  14. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS • necessary for understanding the interaction between atmosphere and biosphere • increase the knowledge of critical exchanges in the planetary carbon balance • Development status of vegetation influences albedo, evapotranspiration>> energy balance of the earth – atmosphere system • ground truth observations for NDVI-data • coupling of ground- and satellite-based observations with meteorological measurements for crop-yield modelling

  15. MAJOR RESULTS OF RECENT PHENO STUDIES

  16. MAJOR RESULTS OF RECENT PHENO STUDIES • Temperature reconstruction with grape harvest dates back to the 16th century in ViennaMaurer, Ch., E. Koch, Ch. Hammerl, T. Hammerl, and E. Pokorny (2009) BACCHUS temperature reconstruction for the period 16th to 18th centuries from Viennese and Klosterneuburg grape harvest dates, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2009JD011730, in press.

  17. MAJOR RESULTS OF RECENT PHENO STUDIES

  18. UPCOMING ACTIVITIES • PEP725: 5 years budget • Restructuring of database • Update & maintenance • Conferences: 1st in June 2010 in Dublin

  19. THE END THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!

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