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A Brief History of Tomorrow’s Networks

A Brief History of Tomorrow’s Networks. Invited Talk to the Extreme Networking Workshop San Diego Supercomputer Center, UCSD La Jolla, CA January 8, 2001. Larry Smarr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

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A Brief History of Tomorrow’s Networks

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  1. A Brief History of Tomorrow’s Networks Invited Talk to the Extreme Networking Workshop San Diego Supercomputer Center, UCSD La Jolla, CA January 8, 2001 Larry Smarr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

  2. The Emerging Information Power GridA Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer • Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime • Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses • Vast Increase in Internet End Points • Embedded Processors • Sensors and Actuators • Information Appliances • Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber • Emergence of a Planetary Computer “The all optical fibersphere in the center finds its complement in the wireless ethersphere on the edge of the network.” --George Gilder

  3. UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology • 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers • Layered Structure • Materials and Devices • Networked Infrastructure • Interfaces and Software • Strategic Applications • Policy • New Funding Model (4 Years) • State $100M • Industry $140M • Private $30 M • Campus $30M • Federal $100-200M • Total $400-500M • One of Three Awarded

  4. Nanotechnology Will be Essential for Photonics VCSEL + Near-field polarizer : Efficient polarization control,mode stabilization, and heat management Near-field coupling between pixels in Form-birefringent CGH (FBCGH) 1.0 TE FBCGH possesses dual-functionality such as focusing and beam steering TM 0.8 0.6 Reflectivity 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 Wavelength ( m m) Micro polarizer 1.0 VCSEL FBCGH Information I/O through surface wave, guided wave,and optical fiber from near-field edge and surface coupling 0.8 TM 0th order efficiency 0.6 Grating coupler Near-field coupling 0.4 Near-field E-O coupler RCWA Fiber tip Transparency Theory 0.2 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 +V -V 1.0 m Thickness ( m) 0.8 Near-field E-O Modulator + micro-cavity 0.6 TM Efficiency 0.4 Near-field E-O modulator controls optical properties and near-field micro-cavity enhances the effect 0.2 0.0 20 30 40 Angle (degree) Composite nonlinear, E-O, and artificial dielectric materials control and enhance near-field coupling Source: Shaya Fainman, UCSD

  5. High-Port Count, Non-Blocking All-Optical Switch With Nanosecond Switching Speed Chiaro Networking Source: Steve Wallach, SC00 Keynote

  6. Near Term Goal:Build an International Lambda Grid • Establish PACI High Performance Network • SDSC to NCSA to PSC LambdaNet • Link to: • State Dark Fiber • Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks • Campus Optical Grids • International Optical Research Networks • NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For: • Scientific Applications • Network Research

  7. A Model of a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Network • Can Nest Lambdas or Labels • Can Mix Label Switching Routers and Optical Cross-Connects From: Yakov Rekhter, Cisco Fellow See also www.ietf.org/html.charters/mpls-charter.html

  8. NATUREnet: North American Terabit Users Research and Education Network Proposal CERN SURFnet Working Draft… Far East Networks CA*net4 Seattle NTON Portland NYC I-Wire NTON Far East Networks Los Angeles San Diego (SDSC) Source: Tom DeFanti

  9. Building a Quantum Network Will Require Three Important Advances ITO QUIST DSO MTO • The development of a robust means of creating, storing and entangling quantum bits and using them for transmission, synchronization and teleportation • The development of the mathematical underpinnings and algorithms necessary to implement quantum protocols • The development of a repeater for long distance transmission with the minimum number of quantum gates consistent with error free transmission DARPA

  10. Mobile Internet will Take Off This Year Mobile Internet Mobile Internet 800 600 Subscribers (millions) 400 200 0 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 Source: Ericsson

  11. The Wireless Internet will Transform Computational Science and Engineering • Teraflop Supercomputers Simulate in Dynamic 3D • Evolving a System Requires Knowing the Initial State • Add Wireless Sensors and Embedded Processors • Give Detailed State Information • Allows for Comparison of Simulation with Reality • Critical Software Research Required • Security • Robust Scalable Middleware • Effervescent Architectures • Mobile Code • Resource Discovery • Ad Hoc Networking • SensorNet Simulations

  12. The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN

  13. Wireless Antennas Anchor Network High Speed Backbone http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN Source: Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

  14. Cal-(IT)2 Plans to Add Wireless Sensors to the Southern High Tech Coast • Adding Wireless Sensors • Hydrological Cycle • Monitor Pollution • Identify Major Sources • Evaluate Cleanup • Earthquakes • Civil Infrastructure • Realtime Traffic • Link to GPS and Vehicle Destination • Build on NSF funded Net • SDSC, SIO, SDSU UCI Newport Beach UCSD Mission Bay http://icemaps.des.ucdavis.edu San Diego Bay

  15. The Wireless Internet Adds Bio-Chemical-Physical Sensors to the Grid • From Experiments to Wireless Infrastructure • Scripps Institution of Oceanography • San Diego Supercomputer Center • Cal-(IT)2 • Building on Pioneering Work of Hans-Werner Braun & Frank Vernon Source: John Orcutt, SIO

  16. Bringing the Civil Infrastructure Online New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links Wireless Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management Control Rooms Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

  17. -Telescience-The Brain Data Grid Goal-Form a National Scale Testbed for Federating Large Databases Using NIH High Field NMR Centers Stanford U. Of MN NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD Harvard Cal Tech Surface Web SDSC Cal-(IT)2 Deep Web UCLA Duke Cyber Infrastructure Linking Tele-instrumentation, Data Intensive Computing, and Multi-scale Brain Databases. Wireless “Pad” Web Interface Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD

  18. Augmented Reality Requires Overlaying the Physical and Cyber Realities Source: Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT, Univ Washington, UCSD

  19. Web Interface to Grid ComputingThe NPACI GridPort Architecture 802.11b Wireless • Interactive Access to: • State of Computer • Job Status • Application Codes

  20. Broadband Will Connect 30 Million Homes and Small Businesses in Three Years • PCs Always On • High Bandwidth Access • Corporate Drivers • Ford Motor Co. is Buying Home PCs for All its Employees • IBM Is Using SBC to Supply 12,000 Employees with Home DSL Internet Connections • Stage is Set for Explosion of Internet Computing • Tie PCs Together as Virtual Megacomputer Source: Kinetic Strategies Inc., Gilder Technology Report Pioneer Consulting

  21. Entropia’s Planetary Computer Grew to a Teraflop in Only Two Years The Great Mersenne Prime (2P-1) Search (GIMPS) Found the First Million Digit Prime www.entropia.com Deployed in Over 80 Countries

  22. SETI@home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers • Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day • Over Half a Million CPU Years so far! • 22 Teraflops sustained 24x7 • Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis • Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope Arecibo Radio Telescope Next Step- Allen Telescope Array

  23. Companies Competing for Leadershipin Internet Computing Intel Establishes Peer-to-Peer Working Group

  24. Coming -- The Grid Physics Network www.griphyn.org • Petabyte-scale computational environment for data intensive science • CMS and Atlas Projects of the Large Hadron Collider • Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory • Sloan Digital Sky Survey (200 million objects each with ~100 attributes) • Paul Avery (Univ. of Florida) and Ian Foster (U. Chicago and ANL), Lead PIs • Largest NSF Information Technology Research Grant • 20 Institutions Involved • $12 million over four years • Can This Help Drive Extreme Networks?

  25. Assembling the Planetary Grid • Internet Provides Connectivity • Web Provides Hyperlinked Document System • Distributed Storage Moves from SAN to NAS • Peer-to-Peer Enables File Storing • Peer-to-Peer Computing Provides CPU Power • Result--The Distributed Global Computer • Storage everywhere • Scalable computing power • Wireless Interfaces Greatly Outnumber PCs

  26. Why Will a Million Processor Computer Be Different? • Individual Processors Running at Gigaflops • One Million Means a Collective Petaflops in early 2000s • One Petaflops is Roughly a Human Brain-Second • Morovec-Intelligent Robots and Mind Transferral • Koza-Genetic Programming • Kurzweil-The Age of Spiritual Machines • Joy-Humans an Endangered Species? • Will the Planetary Grid Become Self- • Organizing • Powered • Aware?

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