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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s). Topic 6 By: Lisa Bui, Saksham Sachdev, Sara Yassin. What are GMO’s?. Organisms that have been genetically engineered with DNA from different species of plants and animals, bacteria, or viruses This process cannot occur in nature

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)

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  1. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) Topic 6 By: Lisa Bui, Saksham Sachdev, Sara Yassin

  2. What are GMO’s? • Organisms that have been genetically engineered with DNA from different species of plants and animals, bacteria, or viruses • This process cannot occur in nature • It is a popular alternative method in the production of food, products, and animals

  3. Why use GMO’s? • Engineering crops to extend shelf life of fresh produce • Ex. Tomatoes (Flavr Savr) • Engineering of crops to provide protection from insects • Ex. Corn

  4. Why use GMO’s? • Engineering animals to enhance production • Ex. Sheep • Engineering animals to produce desired products • Ex. Glofish

  5. Maize Crops aka Corn Crops • Often damaged by corn borer insects (pests) • In order to kill the pests, a gene from a bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis) (codes for Bt toxin) is transferred to the maize • Often damaged by corn borer insects (pests) • In order to kill the pests, a gene from a bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis) (codes for Bt toxin) is transferred to the maize

  6. A Short Video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMPE5wlB3Zk

  7. Potential Benefits • Less pest damage → higher crop yields to reduce food shortages • Less land required for crop production → some areas can be used for other purposes (i.e. areas for wildlife conservation) • Less usage of pesticides (pesticides → expensive and harmful)

  8. Potential Harmful Effects • Humans or animals that eat the Bt maize may be harmed by the Bt toxin • Other insects that are not pests could also be killed • Populations of wild plants may be changed

  9. Ethical Issues • The idea of creating and altering life, making it impure. • The animal’s choice or right in the matter of being modified. Consent ethics. • People who for philosophical or religious reasons reject transgenic technology. • Each organism has their own respective niche. By creating a new modified organism it may be able to outcompete other organisms from their niches. This makes genetically modified organisms unnatural and therefore unethical.

  10. Recent News: Anti-GMO study retracted

  11. Quiz Time! (1) Explain why one would use Genetically modified organisms with examples. (2) What is an example of genetic modification? Name one benefit and one harmful effect of it. (3) What did the study about genetically modified maize show? Why was it retracted? · A) GMO maize is a great idea, it has no side effects whatsoever. It was retracted due to lack of conclusive data. · B) GMO maize is carcinogenic and should no longer me made. It was retracted due to a scientist committing fraud in the published study. · C) GMO maize is a great idea, it has no side effects whatsoever. It was retracted due to a scientist committing fraud in the published study. · D) GMO maize is carcinogenic and should no longer me made. It was retracted due to lack of conclusive data. (4) Which of the following is a valid ethical issue with GMOs? · A) The idea of altering life from its natural state. · B) The bible states GMO production is wrong. · C) GMOs always hurt animals. · D) Scientists never treat GMOs with respect.

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