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Prepared by: Andres Contreras Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Flow Meter Sensor. Prepared by: Andres Contreras Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: andres.contreras@aggiemail.usu.edu T: ( 435)512-2156 F: (435)797-3054

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Prepared by: Andres Contreras Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

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  1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Flow Meter Sensor Prepared by: Andres Contreras Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: andres.contreras@aggiemail.usu.edu T: (435)512-2156 F: (435)797-3054 W: http://www.engineering.usu.edu/ece March 06, 2009

  2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Introduction • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application. • Major specifications • Limitations • Other relevant issues in applications ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  3. Reference list • http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Do-Flow-Meters-Work&id=1292810 • http://www.wikipedia.com • Robert H. Bishop, THE MECHATRONICS HANDBOOK, CRC Press, 2002. • http://www.omega.com/prodinfo/flowmeters.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  4. To explore further • http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flow-meters-d_493.html • Finally, the Mechatronics Handbook and Google are other good sources. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  5. Introduction Flow meters are devices that are used to measure the flow rate of a certain liquid or gas. They can measure these substances in terms of the volumetric flow rate or the mass flow rate. The volumetric flow rate is generally given in m3/second. The mass flow rate is given in kg/second. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  6. To measure flow it is required to have both the cross sectional area and the velocity of the fluid. For some application the area is fixed so that we only need to worry about calculating the velocity. However, when the area is not fix calculating the flow can be quite challenging. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  7. Major applications Flow Meters Sensors have a broad range of applications such as: • Measure Canal Flow. • Measure the Lung Capacity • Food Processing Industries. • Water Management. • Semiconductor Fabrication. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  8. Basic Working Principle Orifice Plate With an orifice plate, the fluid flow is measured through the difference in pressure from the upstream side to the downstream side of a partially obstructed pipe. The plate obstructing the flow offers a precisely measured obstruction that narrows the pipe and forces the flowing fluid to constrict. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  9. Types of Flow Meters Flow Nozzles Flow nozzles are often used as measuring elements for air and gas flow in industrial applications. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  10. Pitot Tubes The pitot tube are one the most used (and cheapest) ways to measure fluid flow, especially in air applications as ventilation and HVAC systems, even used in airplanes for the speed measuring. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  11. Calorimetric Flowmeter The calorimetric principle for fluid flow measurement is based on two temperature sensors in close contact with the fluid but thermal insulated from each other. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  12. Magnetic flow meters This is a very common way of measuring flow. The idea is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. A magnetic field is applied to the metering tube, which results in a potential difference proportional to the flow velocity perpendicular to the flux lines. This method can only be used to measure the flow of conduction fluid. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  13. Acoustic flow meters Acoustic flow meters makes use of the Doppler effect in order to calculate the flow. The idea is to produce a sound wave and measure the time it takes to return so that we can get the distant the wave traveled and then use the information to estimate the area. To calculate the velocity we take the phase shift of the reflected wave and by means of the Doppler effect we can get the velocity. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  14. A typical sample configuration in application This is a Acoustic flow meter to measure open canal flow ChannelMaster H-ADCP ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  15. Specifications for ChannelMaster H-ADCP ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  16. Example Of operation ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  17. Major Specifications • Range: Meters available in the market can measure flow from a few millimeter per second (ml/s), for very accurate lab experiments, up to thousands of cubic meters per second (m3/s) , forirrigation systems. For a particular measurement installation it is necessary to know the general magnitude of the velocity as well the range of the expected variations. • Required Precision: Any common device that is properly installed and operated could easily give a error of less that 5%. Nevertheless, it is very common to have meters with less that 2% error. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  18. Major Specifications • Frequency. • Power. • Bandwidth. • Central Frequency. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  19. Advantages • Low Pressure Losses • Non-Contact Devices • Relative Low Cost. • Simple Design. • Easy Installation. • Long Operating Life. • Easy Maintenace. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  20. Disadvantages • The main disadvantage is to measure the flow in open channels were the are is not fix. • Another disadvantage is that is hard to measure turbulent fluids. • Also, accuracy can degrade when the pressure and temperature fluctuate a lot. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  21. Other Relevant Issues • Some Common Brands • StreamPro ADCP • AccQmin Velocity Profile • Hach • Sigma Flow and Sampling • Eldridge Products ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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