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A/P Ch 5

A/P Ch 5. Flash cards. What are the major regions of the skin?. What are the major regions of the skin?. Epidermis – outermost superficial region Dermis – middle region Hypodermis (superficial fascia) – deepest region. ). Figure 5.1. Hair shaft. Pore. Dermal papillae

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A/P Ch 5

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  1. A/P Ch 5 Flash cards

  2. What are the major regions of the skin?

  3. What are the major regions of the skin? • Epidermis – outermost superficial region • Dermis – middle region • Hypodermis (superficial fascia) – deepest region

  4. ) Figure 5.1

  5. Hair shaft Pore Dermal papillae (papillary layer of dermis) Epidermis Meissner's corpuscle Free nerve ending Reticular layer of dermis Sebaceous (oil) gland Arrector pili muscle Dermis Sensory nerve fiber Eccrine sweat gland Pacinian corpuscle Artery Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Vein Adipose tissue Hair root Hair follicle Eccrine sweat gland Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus) Figure 5.1

  6. Describe the Epidermis • Composed: • Cell Types: • Cell Layers: • Main Function:

  7. Describe the Epidermis • Composed: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium • Cell Layers: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale • Cell Types:keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans’ cells • Main Function: protection

  8. Layers of epidermis

  9. What is Keratinocytes?

  10. What is Keratinocytes? produce the fibrous protein keratin

  11. What is Melanocytes?

  12. What is Melanocytes? produce the brown pigment melanin

  13. What is Langerhans’ cells?

  14. What is Langerhans’ cells? epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

  15. What are Merkel cells?

  16. What are Merkel cells? function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

  17. Describe the Stratum Basale

  18. Describe the Stratum Basale • Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis • Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes • Cells undergo rapid division

  19. Describe Stratum Spinosum

  20. Describe Stratum Spinosum • Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes • Melanin granules and Langerhans’ cells are abundant • “Prickly Layer”

  21. Describe Stratum Granulosum

  22. Describe Stratum Granulosum • Thin; three to five cell layers in which drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs • Keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulate in the cells of this layer

  23. Describe the Stratum Lucidum

  24. Describe the Stratum Lucidum • Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum • Consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes • Present only in thick skin • “Clear Layer”

  25. Describe the Stratum Corneum

  26. Describe the Stratum Corneum • Horny Layer • Outermost layer of keratinized cells • Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness • Functions include: • Waterproofing • Protection from abrasion and penetration • Rendering the body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults

  27. Describe the Dermis

  28. Describe the Dermis • Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue • Cell types include: fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells • Composed of two layers • Papillary • reticular

  29. Describe the Papillary Layer

  30. Describe the Papillary Layer • Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers • Its superior surface contains peglike projections called dermal papillae • Dermal papillae contain capillary loops, Meissner’s corpuscles, and free nerve endings

  31. Describe the Reticular Layer

  32. Describe the Reticular Layer • 80% of the thickness of the skin • Collagen fibers in this layer add strength and resiliency to the skin • Elastin fibers provide stretch-recoil properties

  33. What is the Hypodermis?

  34. What is the Hypodermis? • Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin • Composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue • Fatty Layer

  35. What three pigments contribute to skin color

  36. What three pigments contribute to skin color? • Melanin– yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors • Freckles and pigmented moles – result from local accumulations of melanin • Carotene – yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet • Hemoglobin – reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin

  37. What’s the function of sweat glands?

  38. What’s the function of sweat glands? Different types prevent overheating of the body; secrete cerumen and milk

  39. Describe Eccrine Sweat Glands?

  40. Describe Eccrine Sweat Glands? found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead

  41. Describe Apocrine sweat glands

  42. Describe Apocrine sweat glands found in axillary and anogenital areas (arm pits, areola of nipples, and genitals)

  43. Describe Ceruminous glands

  44. Describe Ceruminous glands modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen

  45. Describe Mammary glands specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

  46. Glands

  47. Describe Sebaceous Glands

  48. Describe Sebaceous Glands • Simple alveolar glands found all over the body • Soften skin when stimulated by hormones • Secrete an oily secretion called sebum

  49. Describe Hair

  50. Describe Hair • Filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles • Contains hard keratin • Pigmented by melanocytes at the base of the hair

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