Chemistry Chapter 5

1. ChemistryChapter 5 Lessons 5-1 and 5-2: Objectives: To learn to name binary compounds of a metal and a nonmetal.

2. Binary compounds • TWO BROAD CLASSES • Compounds that contain a metal and a nonmetal (Type I and Type II) • Compounds that contain 2 nonmetals (Type III)

3. BINARY IONIC Compounds A compound that results from the combination of a metal with a nonmetal. -The positive ion (cation) gets written first -To name these compounds, just name the ions.

4. In summary: • Type I compounds: The metal present forms only one type of cation. • Type II compounds: The metal present can form 2 or more cations that have different charges.

5. Table 5.1

6. Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds • The cation is always named first and the anion second. • A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name form the name of the element. For example Na+ is called sodium in the names of compounds containing this ion. • A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding –ide.

7. Practice Compound Ions Present Name NaCl KI CaS CsBr MgO Individual Practice: Open to p. 87-88 Do Self-Check Exercise 4-1 Complete for HW

8. Table 5.2

9. Common Names - Exceptions • H2O = water, steam, ice • NH3 = ammonia • CH4 = methane • NaCl = table salt • C12H22O11 = table sugar

10. Objectives • Quiz on Type II cations • Identify the rules for Type III binary compounds (nonmetals) • Practice naming Type II binary ionic compounds and Type III binary compounds

11. Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds Example Systematic Name Older Name Fe2O3 CuCl2 HgBr2 PbI4 ferric oxide iron(III)oxide cupric chloride copper(II) chloride mercuric bromide mercury(II) bromide lead(IV) iodide plumbic iodide

12. Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) • Objective: To learn how to name binary compounds containing nonmetals

13. Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Similar to naming other binary compounds EXCEPT Type III Binary compounds contain ONLY NONMETALS

14. Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) • The 1st element in the formula is named 1st, and the full element name is used. • The 2nd element is named as though it were an anion. • Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa) • The prefix mono- is never used for naming the 1st element. (Ex. CO carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide).

15. Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) I2O7 CO2 CF4 NH3 PCl3 BF3 NO N2O5 diiodine heptoxide carbon dioxide carbon tetrafluoride ammonia phosphorous trichloride boron trifluoride nitrogen oxide dinitrogen pentoxide S

16. Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds Example Systematic Name Older Name Fe2O3 CuCl2 HgBr2 PbI4 ferric oxide iron(III)oxide cupric chloride copper(II) chloride mercuric bromide mercury(II) bromide lead(IV) iodide plumbic iodide

17. Naming Binary Compounds: A Review • Objectives: To review the naming of Type I, II, and Type III binary compounds

18. Figure 5.1: A flow chart for naming binary compounds.

19. Naming Compounds that Contain Polyatomic Ions • Objective: To learn the names of the common polyatomic ions and how to use them in naming compounds

20. LEARN THIS TABLE Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms

21. Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms Smaller number of oxygen atoms -ite Larger number of oxygen atoms -ate Prefixes are used when there are more than 2 Hypo (less than) Per ( more than) Example: ClO hypochlorite ClO2 chlorite ClO3 chlorate ClO4 perchlorate

22. Practice Naming these compounds copper(II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2 PbCO3 KHSO4 NH4I NaCN lead(II) carbonate potassium hydrogen sulfate ammonium iodide sodium cyanide

23. Figure 5.2: Overall strategy for naming chemical compounds.

24. Naming Acids • Objectives: 1) To learn how the anion composition determines the acid’s name. 2) To learn names for common acids.

25. Acids Acids: certain molecules produce H+ ions. An acid can be viewed as a molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion.

26. Naming Acids Rules • If the anion does not contain Oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic attached to the root of the element. Example: HCl hydrochloric acid

27. Naming Acids 2) When the anion contains Oxygen, the acid name is formed from the root name of the central element with a suffix of –ic or –ous. When the anion ends in –ate, the suffix-ic is used. When the anion ends in –ite the suffix, ous is used Example: H2SO4 sulfuric acid Example: H2SO3 sulfurous acid

28. Name these Acids hydrofluoric acid HF H3PO4 HNO3 HBrO4 H2S phosphoric acid nitric acid bromic acid hydrosulfuric acid p.109 Question 24