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Do Now. What is the difference between male and female sexual reproduction?. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems. 15. Lesson 15.1: Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2: Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Do Now • What is the difference between male and female sexual reproduction?

  2. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems 15 Lesson 15.1: Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2: Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.3: Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.4: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Lesson 15.5: Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

  3. Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.1 Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

  4. Vocabulary Centromere Chromatids Chromosomes Crossovers Diploid Haploid Fertilization FSH LH Gametes Meiosis Mitosis Menarche zygote

  5. Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems • reproduction • mitosis versus meiosis • development and puberty

  6. Reproduction • chromosomes • made of DNA, contain genes • asexual reproduction • offspring are a clone of parent • sexual reproduction • a gamete from each parent combine to make a zygote (genetically unique individual)

  7. Mitosis versus Meiosis

  8. Mitosis versus Meiosis Mitosis • one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells • homologous chromosomes • chromosomes duplicate in interphase • stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase • result • two cells, each with 46 chromosomes identical to the mother cell • chromosome number • diploid–two copies of each chromosome • normal body cells are diploid

  9. Mitosis versus Meiosis

  10. Mitosis versus Meiosis

  11. Mitosis versus Meiosis

  12. Mitosis versus Meiosis Meiosis • produces gametes, or sex cells • stages • meiosis I–homologous chromosomes separate • meiosis II–sister chromatids separate • Result • haploid–one version of each chromosome • four haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each

  13. Review • Is genetic diversity possible in asexual reproduction? • Name an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction. • How is a gamete different from normal human cells in the body? • What is the end result of mitosis? • Is a haploid cell associated with mitosis or meiosis? • What is the end result of meiosis?

  14. Embryonic and Fetal Development • if SRY gene is present • (sex-determining region y) • 7th week of development male sex organs begin development • Testes secrete testosterone • if SRY gene is not present • 8th week of development female sex organs begin development • After birth, hormone levels decline rapidly • FSH/LH (follicle-stimulating/ hormone luteinizing hormone) • Reproductive organs remain nonfunctional

  15. Puberty • Stages of Life • Infancy (0-1), toddlerhood (1-3), early childhood (3-5), middle childhood (6-10), adolescence (11-19), early adulthood (20-39), middle adulthood (40-65), older adulthood (66>) • Final maturation of the reproductive system • Begins between 8-13 yrs female, 9-14 yrs males • Stimulus release of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) • Causes pituitary gland in the brain to produce FSH and LH • Testosterone/estrogen then produced

  16. Puberty • Adolescence-development of secondary sexual characteristics • females • 1st phase-breast growth • Axillary/pubic hair • Pelvis width • Menarche 2 yrs later • Males • 1st phase-growth of scrotum and testes • Size of larynx and length of vocal cords • By the end, mature sperm present

  17. Review • Is the SRY gene associated with the development of males or females? • Elevated levels of which hormone initiate puberty: LH, FSH, or GnRH? • Name at least one secondary sex characteristic shared by males AND females. • Summarize the human growth and development cycle.

  18. Independent Practice-30 mins • Lesson 15.1 Questions 1-12

  19. Do Now Match these words with 1–4 below: male, chromosomes, meiosis, puberty. 1. maturation of the reproductive system 2. if SRY gene is present 3. made of DNA, contain genes 4. gamete production

  20. Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2 Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

  21. Vocabulary Bulbourethral glands Ductus deferens ejaculation Erection Gonads Penis Prostate gland Semen Seminal vesicles Seminiferous tubules sperm

  22. Male Reproductive Anatomy

  23. Male Reproductive Anatomy • Primary reproductive organ • Gonads • Testes (testicles) • Gametes (sperm) • Accessory reproductive organs • External genitals • (scrotum, penis) • Five accessory glands • prostate, 2 seminal glands, 2 bulbourethral glands • Glands release seminal fluid

  24. Male Reproductive Anatomy • Scrotum • Cremaster/dartos muscles • Testes • sperm produced seminiferous tubules in testes • sperm mature in epididymis/holds testes in place

  25. Male Reproductive Anatomy • Ducts of the male reproductive system • Transport sperm from testes to external urethral orifice 1. ductus deferens 2. ejaculatory ducts - formed from outlet of ampulla & and duct form seminal gland - joins urethra • accessory glands and semen • seminal glands • prostate gland • bulbourethral glands

  26. Male Reproductive Physiology • sperm formation • spermatogenesis • begins at puberty • semen is fluid • Five accessory glands • Prostate (25%), 2 seminal glands (70%), 2 bulbourethral glands (small amount) • Glands release seminal fluid • penis • delivers sperm to female, contains erectile tissue • sexual response • Erection, Nitric Oxide • Ejaculation, 20-150 million sperm per mL (2-5mL total v

  27. Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: epididymis, spermatogenesis, testes, or penis. 1. Sperm formation is _______________. 2. The _______________ delivers sperm to the female. 3. Sperm mature in the _______________. 4. Sperm is produced in the _______________.

  28. Do Now • Place hw on desk to be checked. • Review Homework q’s 1-10 (pg539)

  29. Do Now-Take out Assignment • Place all assignments on desk to be checked - 15.2 End of Lesson Assessment - 15.3 Outline - 15.3 “Checking for Understanding” Q’s pgs 542,543,544,545,548

  30. Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.3 Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

  31. Vocabulary Cervix Clitoris Labia majora Labia minora Lactiferous duct Mammary glands Oocyte Oogenesis Ovarian cycle Ovulation Uterine cycle Uterine tubes Uterus vagina

  32. Female Reproductive System Anatomy

  33. Female Reproductive System Anatomy • the ovaries • oocyte • egg cell • ovulation • release of egg from the ovary

  34. Female Reproductive System Anatomy • ducts of the female reproductive system • uterine tubes • connect ovary to uterus • Ectopic pregnancy • uterus–womb • Perimeytrium/myometrium/endometrium • Functional layer is shed • cervix

  35. Female Reproductive System Anatomy • vagina • birth canal • acidic pH • external genitalia • labia–majora and minora • clitoris • erectile tissue

  36. Female Reproductive System Anatomy • mammary glands • estrogen stimulates maturation • prolactin- • lactation-milk production • Lactiferous duct areola

  37. Oogenesis • oocyte production process • begins before birth • Stops partway through the 1st meiotic division • 1-2 million primordial follicles at birth • ¼-1/2 million puberty • 500 oocytes released over a lifetime • polar bodies • secondary oocyte • Second meiotic division completes if fertilization occurs Granulosa cells Vesicular follicle

  38. The Female Sexual Cycle • also known as the menstrual cycle • ovarian cycle • maturation and release of oocyte • Follicular/luteal phases • the uterine cycle • uterus readies for implantation • Menstrual/proliferative/secretory phases

  39. The Ovarian Cycle • the follicular phase • dominant primary follicle • Granulosa cells secrete estrogen • Estrogen inhibits FSH • pituitary gland releases FSH and LH • High levels of LH • Completion of 1st meiotic division, • Beginning of 2nd • Ovulation Vesicular follicle

  40. The Ovarian Cycle • the luteal phase • corpus luteum • Secretes progesterone • estrogen decreases after ovulation • Still secreted by corplut • disintegration corplut causes prog/estr to plummet Vesicular follicle

  41. The Uterine Cycle • the menstrual phase • endometrium breaks down and sheds • the proliferative phase • endometrium (functional layer) grows back • the secretory phase • endometrium prepares to nourish embryo • Increased progesterone • Nutrient secreting glands • Blood vessels

  42. Exit Slip Quiz-SHHHH! No Talking. • What are the two major differences between male and female sexual reproduction systems? • On which day of the menstrual cycle is the female most likely to conceive? • Describe what causes the corpus luteum to disintegrate.

  43. Female Sexual Response • stimulation • tactile • psychological • orgasm

  44. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The vagina is the birth canal. 2. Oogenesis makes sperm. 3. The ovary is also called the womb. 4. Oogenesis begins before birth. 5. Ovulation is release of sperm from the ovary.

  45. Do Now Quiz- • What are the two major differences (that were discussed) between male and female sexual reproduction systems? • On which day of the menstrual cycle is the female most likely to conceive? • Describe what causes the corpus luteum to disintegrate. 4. True or False? Oogenesis begins before birth.

  46. Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.4 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

  47. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth • fertilization of the oocyte • pregnancy • childbirth • lactation

  48. Fertilization of the Oocyte • the journey of the sperm • vagina, uterus, uterine tube • capacitation takes up to 10 hours • Process by which sperm becomes able to penetrate and fertilize an oocyte • Can live up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract • sperm penetration • zonapellucida • acrosomal enzymes • Allow to penetrate the oocyte protective glycoproteins

  49. Fertilization of the Oocyte • protection against polyspermy • only one sperm is required for fertilization/more than one sperm causes death of oocyte • chemistry of the zona pellucida changes after sperm entry • Inc. Na+ oocyte >>releases Ca++ • Shield around oocyte • completion of meiosis and fertilization • sperm entry causes completion of 2nd meiosis -->>polar body and ZYGOTE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ca2NevbXMdA

  50. Pregnancy • Gestation lasts approximately 265 days • (~40 wks) • from fertilization to implantation= 7 days Zygote= Fertilized egg Day 3/ Morula Day 4/ blastocystszonapellucida shed

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