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1. www.what2.how2 A planning strategy for Narrative Story Writing

2. www.what2.how2 • Students who have difficulty with planning and monitoring during writing benefit from specific support strategies • The strategy of www.what2.how2 assists with Narrative Story Writing by: • Scaffolding the planning process through answering structured questions that serve to generate each element of the story; and • Organizing and sequencing the story

3. www.what2.how2 Question Guide for Graphic Organizer • Who are the main characters? • When does the story take place? • Where does the story take place? • What does the main (& other) characters do or want to do? • What happens when they try to do it? • How does the story end • How does the main character and other characters feel?

4. www.what2.how2 who when where _______________ _______________ ____________ _______________ _______________ ____________ _______________ _______________ ____________ _______________ _______________ ____________ what what how how ______________ ______________ _____________ ____________ ______________ ______________ _____________ ____________ ______________ ______________ _____________ ____________ ______________ ______________ _____________ ____________

5. Method • Initial acquisition and application of this planning strategy is modeled by teacher. • Strategy used after teacher activates background knowledge and students are ready to move to planning stage of narrative writing. • Graphic Organizer used as a prewriting tool to answer prompts. • Students participate in planning process with Graphic Organizer and prompts repeatedly until they know well and can use just the mnemonic.

6. Benefits of this Planning Strategy • Allows students to see typical sequence of narrative genre. • Results in longer, more complete, and qualitatively improved stories. • Research-based strategy for middle school that may be used to measure students’ progress via a pretest, posttest, and generalization of skill via writing probes.

7. Applications • Students can view or choose a picture and then write about it. • Students can add an additional chapter for a story they have read. • Mnemonic can be used to have students evaluate if a writer included all parts of a good narrative story. • Students may use with partners in other classes.

8. Let’s evaluate a narrative with www.what2.how2 • I am going to start reading a story aloud. • (In your classroom, you will also give a copy of the story to students, who can follow along.) • Each time you hear one of the elements from our chart, please raise your hand. I will call on students and we will use your answers to fill out our chart. • (Teacher reads excerpt and calls on students who have raised their hands to identify elements.)

9. References • http://kc.vanderbilt.edu/casl/powwww.html • Patel, Pooja, and Leslie Laud. "Integrating a Story Writing Strategy into a Resource Curriculum." Teaching Exceptional Children (March/April 2007).