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Electricity

Electricity. Compare AC and DC electrical current and understand their important differences Explain the relationship between volts, amps, amp-hour, watts, watt-hours, and kilowatt-hours Learn about using electrical meters. Electricity = flowing electrons

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Electricity

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  1. Electricity Compare AC and DC electrical current and understand their important differences Explain the relationship between volts, amps, amp-hour, watts, watt-hours, and kilowatt-hours Learn about using electrical meters

  2. Electricity = flowing electrons Differences in electrical potential creates electron flow Loads harness the kinetic energy of these flowing electrons to do work Water flow is a good analogy for electron flow Electricity Terminology

  3. Resistance () - The opposition of the material to the flow of an electrical current - Depends on material, cross sectional area, length, and temperature Electricity Terminology

  4. Electricity Terminology • Watt (W) is a measure of power • - Unit rate of electrical energy (joules/sec) • - 1 horsepower (hp) = 746 watts • Volts × Amps = Watts • 1000 watts = 1 kW

  5. Electricity Terminology • Watt-hour (Wh) is a measure of energy • - Unit quantity of electrical energy • - Watts × hours = Watt-hours • 1kilowatt-hour (1 kWh) = 1000 Wh

  6. Electricity Terminology • Amp-hour (Ah) • - Quantity of electron flow • - Used for battery sizing • - Amps × hours = Amp-hours • - Amp-hours × Volts = Watt-hours • A 200 Ah battery delivering 1 A will last ________ hours • A 200 Ah battery delivering 10 A will last _________ hours • 100 Ah battery × 12 V = __________ Wh

  7. Electricity Terminology • DC = direct current - PV panels produce DC - Batteries store DC • AC = alternating current - Utility - Most consumer appliances uses AC

  8. Meters and Testing Clamp-on meter Digital multimeter (DMM) Never test battery current using a multimeter!

  9. System Types • Understand the functions of PV components • Identify different system types

  10. Photovoltaic (PV) Terminology • Cell < Module < Panel < Array • Battery – stores DC energy • Controller – senses battery voltage and regulates charging • Inverter – converts direct current (DC) energy to alternating current (AC) energy • Loads – anything that consumes energy

  11. Grid-Tied System (without batteries) • Complexity - Low: Easy to install (less components) • Grid Interaction - Grid can supplement power - No power when grid goes down

  12. Grid-Tied System (with batteries) • Complexity - High: Due to addition of batteries • Grid Interaction - Grid still supplements power - Batteries supply power to loads when the grid goes down

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