Identify 1, 2, and 3. 4. What is added to move from left to right? 5. What is the term for this?

1. 1. 2. 3. Identify 1, 2, and 3. 4. What is added to move from left to right? 5. What is the term for this?

2. 8. 9. 10. 6. a. Why is this atom considered neutral? 7.

3. 11. 13. 12. 14.

4. 15. How many neutrons does Hydrogen (H-1) usually have? How many does Deuterium (H-2) have? How many does Tritium (H-3) have? What is a common term for Deuterium and Tritium that describes atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons?

5. 26. What is the name of this chart? 23. 19. 20. 21. 22. 25. In green 24.

6. How many electrons can each energy level hold? 27. 1st – 28. 2nd – 29. 3rd- 30. What do we call the rule that describes the fact that atoms need a full valence orbital in order to be stable? If the valence orbital isn’t full, what will the atom do? If the valence orbital is full, what do we call that atom? What group on the periodic table is like #32?

7. What number goes at the arrows? 39. What is this number called? a. What do 37 and 38 have more of? b. What do 37 and 38 represent for Carbon? c. What can 38 be used for? 37. 38.

8. 40. 43. 41. 44. For #40 and #41, looking at the periodic table, what type of elements are these? 42. What kind of bond would these two elements form? For #43 and 44, what type of ion is formed? 45. What holds the two atoms together? 46. Is this a strong bond? What does the arrow between 40 and 41 represent? What kind of compound is NaCl, and what is its pH? • As a chemical reaction, what are the reactants here? • What kind of reaction is this?

9. Sodium is a silvery-white, soft metal that is very reactive in water, and chlorine is a green, poisonous gas. What is the product that results from them combining? What does this product look like? Does this compound ( a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions) have the same properties as the elements in it? Is that typical?

10. What happens to ionic compounds in solution? Since solutions mixe evenly, what is this solution called? 54. Why does it happen? What is the solute in this example? What is the solvent? How could you make it more concentrated? Dilute? Are they physically or chemically combined in a mixture?

11. 55. What general type of bond is shown on this page? 56 - 57. What specific type of bond is each of these? Ionic bonds result in compounds. What does this type of bond result in? Why do the valence orbitals touch or overlap? How many electrons are shared in a single, a double, and a triple bond? 56. 57.

12. 59. How does this show a polar molecule? 60. Which element is more electronegative?

13. 61. What is the difference between the top row of atoms and the bottom cluster of atoms? 62 – 63. Give specific names for each type of material. 62. 63.

14. 64. What do we call the bond that occurs between water molecules? Is it a strong bond? What allows water to form hydrogen bonds? What happens to water when it freezes, and does this follow the thermal expansion rule? So how does ice float? Water is the greatest what in the world? Is it the most abundant compound in living things? How does this all apply to your blood? What is one thing that can have a big affect on how well something dissolves in solution (affects the solubility)?

15. 67 – 69. What properties of water are being shown in this picture? 67. 68. 69.

16. If the two jars are the same substance before and after standing, what type of substance is it and why? What is another term for this type of mixture?

17. What type of substance is 72? What type of substance is 73? 74. What effect is being demonstrated in the images? 73. 72. 72. 73.

18. 75. What is this an image of, and what does it measure? Which one produces more H+? Which one produces more OH-? 78. 76. 77.

19. What type of reaction is this? (2 names) What are the products? What is the PH of these products?

20. What organic compound group is shown below, and what do we use them for? What is the monomer of this group (shown)? These drawings represent what of C6H12O6? What simple sugar is made during photosynthesis? Know the uses and examples of this organic compound!

21. Which organic compound group is pictured here? What do we call the part of this macromolecule that is in blue? What do we call the chains in black? Is this saturated or unsaturated, and how do you know? Know the uses and examples of this organic compound!

22. This is the monomer of what group of organic compounds? What is this monomer called? How many different monomers of this do humans need? What type of bond holds these monomers together? Know the uses and examples of this organic compound!

23. What type of organic compound is shown here? What are the two examples of this group? What do they do? What is the monomer of this group?

24. What compound is shown here that is a usable form of energy for cells? In order to release the energy in this compound, what must happen? What has to be added/present for this to happen?

25. In both examples, simple sugars are being combined to form what? When this happens, a molecule of water is created. What type of reaction is this?

26. In this reaction, sucrose is being broken down into monosaccharides. Water has to be added for this to occur. What type of reaction is this? What is sucrase, and what is it’s function here?

27. What type of reaction is shown here? 105. 106. 107. 108.

28. 112. 109. 111. 110. 109-112 Label the parts of a reaction involving an enzyme. What do enzymes do in the reaction? Once the reaction is over, is the enzyme used up? Enzymes are a biological example of what? Why is this called a lock and key? What do we call the site on the enzyme where the substrate attaches that is specific to a certain substrate? a. What do factors affect the function of an enzyme (enzymes usually work at specific ___________ and ___________)? How do they do that?

29. 118. What makes organic compounds different from inorganic compounds? 119. How many bonds can this element form and why? 120. Can it share more than one electron at a time? How does this account for the great number, size, and complexity of organic compounds? a. How is chemistry related to living things?

30. 122. What do we call the process of linking monomers to make polymers? 123. What are the monomers of each group below: a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Nucleic acids 124. What are the polymers of each called: a. Carbohydrates b. proteins c. nucleic acids

31. What do you need in order to get a reaction started? What do we call it when the reactants absorb energy during the reaction so that the products have more energy than the reactants? a. What is a biological example? What do we call it when the reactants release energy during the reaction so that the products have less energy than the reactants? b. What is a biological example? When energy is released, what forms can the energy be in? How can you speed up a chemical reaction? In a chemical reaction, what idea states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only react to make new products (combines, rearranged, split apart) so that the number and types of atoms that go into a reaction equal the amount and types that come out of reaction? Many reactions are reversible. So, if in one direction it gains or absorbs energy, what will happen when the reaction is reversed?