Leadership :

1. Leadership : Group 159 Direction, control, accountability...What constitutes a good leader? McShane, 2010, (p. 224) suggests that a good leader works well in a team, can delegate responsibilities, and has values which align with that of the organisation. In the SFINCSS-99 Russian Space travel experiment the following fundamental leadership breakdowns were prevalent: • Teamwork limitations: • Organisers, did not communicate clear expectations across the teams they selected, “Shared leadership also calls for a collaborative rather than an internally competitive culture” (McShane, 2010, p. 247) • There was no formally structured authority, “Shared leadership flourishes in organisations where the formal leaders are willing to delegate power” (McShane, 2010, p. 457) and in lieu of structure,the person ranking as a commander (in other areas) informally imposed his own ideals (violence and desires) upon colleagues, much to their dismay. • Lack of direction: • Organisers failed communicate clear expectations across all of the teams selected.

2. Leadership : Group 159 • Lack of Accountability: • “Effective leaders also provide the information, support and other resources necessary” (McShane, 2010, p. 461) to the people they are responsible for, when Organisers were confronted after serious issues arose; they began backtracking statements and distributing blame. • Resulting media attention meant Lapierre was forced to publicly defend her reactions as being reasonable and not “over emotional” Deliberate inaction: Baranov (IBMP official)stated that the volunteers “health and safety will be of prime importance aboard the new space station” (Pronina, 1999) yet officials allowed and provided for un monitored alcohol consumption did not initiallyintervene when physical violence was observable, or when harassment was reported. UmedaMasataka (Japan) stated his concerns and then withdrew (voiced than exit:EVLN model, McShane, 2010)