Cells: Cells: Cells: Cells: Cells

1. Cells: Cells: Cells: Cells: Cells

2. CELLS“cork”

3. Animal Cell

4. Cell Membrane: thin envelope that surrounds cell- elastic and flexible • Changes shape • Keeps cytoplasm in the cell • Lets materials in (oxygen +food) • Lets other materials out (wastes + carbon dioxide) • Maintains stable environment – Homeostasis • Bi-lipid layer with proteins

5. Nucleus • Nucleic Acids • Nuclear Membrane • Chromosomes • Nucleolus

6. Nucleic Acids: store information • DNA • Stores info needed to build proteins – growth and repair • Carries genetic message to other cells • RNA • Reads the DNA • Guides protein production

7. Nuclear Membrane:separates the nucleus from the rest of cell • Contains pores for passage of materials • Molecules move in and out

8. Chromosomes:thin threads of chromatin • Threads made of DNA which direct cell activity • Replicate to pass on traits to new cells

9. Nucleolus: “little nucleus” nucleolus • Makes ribosomes • Contains RNA and proteins • RNA made - leaves the nucleus through the pores, goes to the cytoplasm to start process of protein production

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Folded membranes in cytoplasm • Cytoplasm – polymer like jelly material outside the cell nucleus • Transports proteins through a network of passageways

11. Ribosomes • Grain like bodies • Very small • Protein making sites of the cell • Found in cytoplasm • Found on the endoplasmic reticulum

12. How Proteins are Made • Video clip on “making proteins”

13. Mitochondria(plural) – drion (singular) • Larger than ribosomes –rod shaped • Supplies most of the energy of the cell – “powerhouse” • Sugars are broken down and energy stored – “ATP”

14. Production of ATP Energy • Video clip – “How human cells use food”

15. Respiration – energy equation • Occurs in mitochondrion • C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP Carbon dioxide Cell energy water glucose oxygen

16. Vacuoles – large round water filled sac • Located in cytoplasm • Storage tanks for food and other materials • Waste • Plant – H2O

17. Golgi Bodies – groups of flattened sacs • Packaging and shipping center • Sort and wrap up proteins – released in the E.R. • Make lysosomes • Take the materials to the cell membrane for release - secretion

18. Lysosomes- small round digestive structures • Involved in excretion • Digestive activities • Contain enzymes that break down food; larger smaller • Smaller particles (sugar) goes to mitochondria to be used as energy • Membrane keeps enzymes from escaping – consumes injured or dead cells • Associated with the Golgi complex

19. Chloroplasts – large irregular green structures • Found only in plants • Contain chlorophyll • Captures sunlight energy • Uses energy to make foods – sugar!!!

20. Photosynthesis • Video clip “chloroplasts and photosynthesis”