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Phrases & Clauses. Henderson. Phrases. A phrase is a group of words that behaves as one particular part of speech. A phrase CANNOT have a verb AND its subject. Phrases. The following IS a phrase: My eldest sister was a ballerina. The following is NOT a phrase:
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Phrases & Clauses Henderson
Phrases • A phrase is a group of words that behaves as one particular part of speech. • A phrase CANNOT have a verb AND its subject.
Phrases • The following IS a phrase: • My eldest sister was a ballerina. • The following is NOT a phrase: • My eldest sister was a ballerina. • The following IS a phrase: • The traveling hockey team made its grand debut in Quebec.
Types of phrases • The easiest phrase to spot is the prepositional phrase. • Are you going to the mall? • A prep. phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. • That noun/pronoun is called the object of the prep.
Prepositional Phrases • I competed in the homerun derby. • Erica refuses to come to the barbeque. • Prepositional phrases behave like adjectives and adverbs.
Adjective Phrases • Many kids from the league are signing up for indoor soccer. • My boss at Rita’s insisted I work weekends. • Remember that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns.
Adverb Phrases • I am not going to the doctor’s office. • Let’s meet at Varsity Pizza. • Don’t be hanging around the gym all afternoon! • Remember that adverbs answer questions about the verb.
Remember Verbals? • Before we move on, recall that participles, gerunds, and infinitives are words that look like verbs but behave like something else.
Participial Phrases • Participles are verbals that act as adjectives. • A participial phrase consists of a participle + modifiers. • The men brawling in the park were apprehended. • Crying softly, the little boy evoked pity from strangers.
Gerund Phrases • A gerund is a verbal that behaves like a noun. • A gerund phrase is a gerund + modifiers. • I cannot master even the simplest baking. • Bass fishing is not my idea of a good time.
Infinitive Phrases • An infinitive is a verbal that behaves like a noun, adjective, or adverb. • An infinitive phrase consists of infinitive + modifiers. • To excel in any sport, one must practice. • I hate to rain on your parade.
Phrase Practice • Identify each underlined prep. phrase as an AdjP or an AdvP. • My parents are at the game. • People from Norway have peaceful elections. • Won’t you put this out of your mind?
Phrase Practice • Identify each of the underlined phrases as PartP, GerP, or InfP. • Playing with fire only gets you burned. • I refuse to be your puppet. • Screaming his way to obscurity, Howard Dean ruined his campaign.
Phrase practice • Decide whether each InfP is acting as Adj, Adv, or N. • To be famous is a dream many of us share. • Encouraged to make a speech, the best man raised his glass. • Our efforts to win money have failed.
Clauses • A clause is a bit more complete than a phrase. • Clauses DO contain a verb and its subject.
Independent Clauses • ICs contain a verb, its subject, and can stand alone. • I opened the mail. • Open the mail. • Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. • The above are examples of simple sentences.
Independent Clauses • Two independent clauses can be combined into one sentence, using (,)+conjunction. • I opened the mail, and there was anthrax in my cable bill. • The above is an example of a compound sentence.
Subordinate Clauses • Also called dependent clauses, SCs contain a verb and its subject but cannot stand alone. • After the Mongols conquered China
Subordinate Clauses • For an SC to complete its thought, it must be connected to an IC • After the Mongols conquered China, they left an indelible mark on its culture.
Subordinate Clauses • Subordinate clauses usually begin with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. • After, although, because, before, how, since, though, until, when, etc.
Subordinate Clauses • When an SC is combined with an IC, that sentence is called a complex sentence. • We played miniature golf after we saw the movie. • Given what you now know, how would you build a compound-complex sentence?
Clause Practice • Identify the underlined portions as IC or SC. • Until I hear the story from George, I won’t believe your rumors. • I bought a new scarf, but it tore.
Clause Practice • Identify each sentence as simple, compound, or complex. • I love strawberry ice cream. • Although it is fattening, I love strawberry ice cream. • I love strawberry ice cream, but I don’t like strawberry yogurt.
