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alcohols

alcohols. CH 3 OH methanol. CH 3 CH 2 OH (ethanol). ether. CH 3 OCH 2 CH 3 methoxyethane or ethyl methyl ether. CH 3 OCH 3 (dimethyl ether) propellant in aerosol cans. low boiling points. aldehydes. CH 3 CHO ethanal (acetaldehyde). ketones.

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alcohols

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  1. alcohols CH3OH methanol CH3CH2OH (ethanol)

  2. ether CH3OCH2CH3 methoxyethane or ethyl methyl ether CH3OCH3 (dimethyl ether) propellant in aerosol cans low boiling points

  3. aldehydes CH3CHO ethanal (acetaldehyde)

  4. ketones Butanone or methyl ethyl ketone

  5. Carboxylic acid

  6. ester -formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol -used as fragrances

  7. amides -NH2 Amine CH3NH2 (methyl amine)

  8. nitrile

  9. Substitution Reaction – a reaction in which part of a small reacting molecule replaces an atom or a group of atoms on the organic molecule CH3CH2CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2CH2Cl + HCl propane + chlorine  1-chloropropane + hydrochloric acid H is replaced by a functional group (Cl) CH3CH2OH + HF  CH3CH2F + H2O Ethanol + hydrofluoric acid  fluoroethane + water

  10. Halogenation A halogen is added

  11. Addition reactions Breaking a double bond and adding a halogen, a hydrogen halide, or sulfuric acid. H2C=CH2(g) + Br2(l)  BrH2C-CH2Br(l) Ethene + bromine  1,2-dibromorthane CH2=CHCH3 + HCl  CH3CHClCH3 propene + hydrochloric acid  2-chloropropane

  12. Elimination reactions Remove atoms to create double bonds. H2SO4 CH3CH2CH2OH  CH3CHCH2 + H2O 1-propanol  propene + water

  13. Esterification forms an ester by heating a carboxylic acid, R-CO-OH, with an alcohol, R'-OH, while removing the water that is formed.

  14. Saponification Ester + base  alcohol + salt fat or oil + base  soap + glycerol

  15. Polymers are large molecules containing many identical repeating units (100-1000000) Polymerisation reaction is a repetition reaction which combines many small molecules of monomer (alkene) to form a polymer Addition polymer is a polymer in which the monomer simply add together with no other products formed besides polymer

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