Safety Training Presentations

1. Safety Training Presentations Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Electrical Safety 29 CFR 1910.332

2. FY-11 OSHA Susan Harwood Grant Program This material was produced under grant number SH22297-SH1from OSHA. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3. Objectives: Participants will: • Interpret OSHA’s role and standards regarding electrical safety / hazards • Define the basic fundamentals of electricity • Identify and recognize safety hazards • Describe protection methods against electrical hazards • Analyze and discuss case studies

4. Introduction • An average of one worker is electrocuted on the job every day • There are four main types of electrical injuries: • Electrocution (death due to electrical shock) • Electrical shock • Burns • Falls

5. OSHA Standards • Electrical safety-related work practice requirements for general industry are detailed in Subpart S of 29 CFR • Part 1910, in Sections 1910.331–1910.335. For construction applications, electrical safety-related work practice requirements are detailed in Subpart K of 29 CFR Part 1926.416 to 1926.417.

6. Electric Basics Electrical Flow: • Conductors – substances, such as metals- little resistance to electricity • Insulators – substances, such as wood, rubber, glass, and bakelite-high resistance to electricity • Current– the movement of electrical charge • Resistance – opposition to current flow • Voltage – a measure of electrical force • Grounding– a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure

7. Electricity Basics • Water and electricity • Pure water is a poor conductor • Impurities can make water an insulator • Salts • Acid • Solvents • Working in a damp environment requires preventive measures against electrical hazards

8. Electric Basics What causes shocks? • Electricity travels in closed circuits, usually through a conductor • Your body can be a conductor which may mean an electrical shock!

9. Electrical Shock • Current passes through the body • Severity of the shock depends on: • Path of current through the body • Amount of current flowing through the body • Length of time the body is in the circuit • Low voltage does not mean low hazard

10. Types of Electrical Shock Injuries • Electrical burns • Thermal contact burns • Related hazards: • Fire • Equipment damage • Fragmented metal • Flammable gases, vapors or combustible dusts • Arc or flash burns

11. ARC Flash: Live to Tell Video

12. “Freeze” • Electrical shock may cause the muscles to contract • This “freezing: effect” is dangerous • Increases the length of exposure • If you witness a “freeze” • Shut off the power • Use a non-conductive object to knock the person free of the contact

13. Severe Shock • A severe shock requires medical help immediately • Unseen medical issues may be present, such as: • Internal Hemorrhages • Destruction of tissues, nerves or muscles

14. Static Electricity • Created when materials rub together • Can cause shocks or even minor skin burns • Reduced or prevented by: • Proper grounding • Rubber matting • Grounding wires, gloves, or shoes

15. Protection Against Electrical Hazards • Insulation • Guarding

16. Grounding • Most electrical equipment is designed with a grounding system • Do not use equipment with damaged grounding connectors • Do not use adapters that interrupt the grounding connection

17. Grounding Fault Circuit Interrupters • GFCIs reduce the likelihood of fatal shocks • Detect small amount of earth current and automatically switch off the power • Used with extension cords and portable tools • Fuses and circuit breakers protect equipment, not people

18. Circuit Protection • Energize or de-energize with appropriate switches, breakers, etc. • Do not energize or de-energize with fuses, terminal lugs, or cable splice connections • If circuit protection device is tripped—inspect

19. Protection from Power Lines • Maintain a safe distance to the lines High-voltage lines • Ground any equipment such as cranes that can become energized • Lines must be de-energized and grounded by the owner or operator of the lines • Guarding or insulating the lines help prevent accidental contact • OSHA E-Tool: • http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/powerlines.html

20. Protection for Machine Operators • Never tamper with electrical interlocks • Do not repair electrical components of your machine • Properly shut off machinery before working in the point of operation • Obey warning signs and follow safe procedures

21. Protection Against Energized Metal Parts • A break in an electric tool’s or machine’s insulation can cause its metal parts to become “hot” • Use “double insulated” tools • Equipment grounding conductor such as a three prong plug

22. Unexpected Equipment Startup • Proper lockout/tagout procedures protect from dangers of accidental startup of electrical equipment • 29 CFR1926.417, Lockout and Tagging of Circuits

23. Lock Out Tag out: Lightning in a Bottle Video

24. Portable Power Tools Safety • Inspect portable power tools • Never use damaged equipment • Tag it out of service • Have it repaired or replaced • Never use portable power equipment in wet or damp areas • Stop using power tools if they become hot or start sparking

25. Extension Cords • Inspect and check for capacity • For temporary work only • Do not use as a rope to pull or lift objects • Should not be fastened with staples or hung over hooks

26. Electrical Cord Inspection • Deformed or mission pins • Damaged outer jacket or insulation • Evidence of internal damage • If damaged, take out of service until repaired

27. Other Electrical Hazards and Protective Measures • Damaged insulation on wires • Digging or trenching near buried lines • Overloaded/exposed circuits • Overheated appliances or tools • Flammable materials

28. Safe Work Practices • De-energize electric equipment before inspection or repair (Lock out Tag out) • keeping electric tools properly maintained, • Exercise caution when working near energized lines • Use the correct protective equipment

29. Guarding of Live Parts • Must guard live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more against accidental contact by: • Approved cabinets/enclosures, or • Location or permanent partitions making them accessible only to qualified persons, or • Elevation of 8 ft. or more above the floor or working surface • Mark entrances to guarded locations with conspicuous warning signs

30. Training • Qualified workers • How to identify exposed energized parts • How to safeguard or work on energized parts • Unqualified workers • How electricity works • Risks of working with energized equipment • Tasks to be performed only by qualified workers

31. OSHA Resources • OSHA has many helpful programs, including assistance about safety and health programs, state plans, workplace consultations, voluntary protection programs, strategic partnerships, training and education, and more

32. Summary • Electricity will try to reach ground even if it means going through a person • Even the “small” voltage from your home can cause serious injury • Always inspect power tools and cords and do not use them if damaged • Do not attempt to repair electrical equipment unless trained and qualified

33. OSHA Contact Numbers To report Unsafe Working Conditions, Safety and Health Violations Contact OSHA @: 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) / TTY1-877-889-5627 To File a Complaint Form: To file an OSHA-7 report online, see how to file a complaint with OSHA (www.osha.gov) For more information regarding your rights, see Worker Rights

34. References • OSHA Publication 3075: Controlling Electrical Hazards • 29 CFR1926.417, Lockout and Tagging of Circuits • OSHA E-Tool: • http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/powerlines.html • LOTO Plus Expert Advisor • http://www.osha-slc.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/lotoplus.html • Self-Inspection Checklists • http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/smallbusiness/chklist.html#Electrical • Self-Inspection Checklists – Lockout/Tagout Procedures • http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/smallbusiness/chklist.html#Lockout

35. Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Thank You IOSH Let’s not meet again . . . by accident!