1 / 79

第 11 章 抗原的加工与递呈 Antigen Processing & Presentation

第 11 章 抗原的加工与递呈 Antigen Processing & Presentation. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. T. T. Y. Y. T cells do not recognise native antigens. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. Cross-linking of surface membrane Ig. Proliferation and antibody production.

cher
Download Presentation

第 11 章 抗原的加工与递呈 Antigen Processing & Presentation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 第11章 抗原的加工与递呈Antigen Processing & Presentation

  2. B B B B B B B B B Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y T T Y Y T cells do not recognise native antigens Y Y Y Y Y Y Cross-linking of surface membrane Ig Proliferation and antibody production No proliferation No cytokine release

  3. T Y Cell surface peptides of Ag presented by cells that express MHC antigens Soluble native Ag Soluble peptides of Ag Cell surface peptides of Ag Cell surface native Ag Antigens must be processed in order to be recognised by T cells ANTIGEN PROCESSING T cell response No T cell response No T cell response No T cell response No T cell response

  4. Y Y T T T T T T T Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ag Blocking anti-MHC antibody No anti response Anti response MHC directs the response of T cells to foreign antigens MHC antigens PRESENT foreign antigens to T cells Cells that present antigen are ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS Ag

  5. Ag B细胞 浆细胞 Ab APC Th细胞 Ag肽-MHC分子 T细胞 Tc细胞

  6. Contents • 抗原递呈细胞 • 抗原加工递呈途径

  7. 第一节 抗原递呈细胞Antigen Presenting Cells 基本概念 抗原递呈细胞

  8. 一、基本概念 • 抗原加工与递呈 (Antigen processing and presentation) • 抗原加工是指蛋白质抗原在细胞内被降解成能与MHC结合的肽的过程。 • 抗原递呈是指MHC分子与抗原肽结合,将其展示于细胞表面供T细胞识别的过程。

  9. Influenza virus • 内源性抗原 (endogenous antigens) • 指细胞内产生的蛋白质抗原 • 细胞产生的自身固有蛋白质 • 胞内寄生病毒或其它病原体产生的蛋白质 • 细胞恶性转化后产生的突变蛋白,即肿瘤抗原 • 有核细胞内加工,由MHCⅠ分子递呈

  10. M M M M • 外源性抗原 (exogenous antigens) • 指由细胞外进入细胞的蛋白质抗原 • 细胞摄入的各种病原体和疫苗 • 在吞噬体和内体中生长的病原体 • 摄入的自身蛋白 • 抗原递呈细胞内加工,由MHCⅡ分子递呈 Listeria

  11. 二、抗原递呈细胞 • 抗原递呈细胞 (antigen presenting cell,APC) • 能够摄取、加工、处理抗原并将Ag信息递呈给抗原特异性淋巴细胞(T细胞)的一类免疫细胞。包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、成熟B细胞等

  12. 广义APC • 所有有核细胞 • 表达MHCⅠ类分子 • 专职APC(professional APC) • MΦ,DC,B细胞等 • 表达MHCⅡ类分子 • 兼职APC(non-professional APC) • 内皮细胞,上皮细胞,激活的T细胞等 • 某些因素刺激后表达MHC-Ⅱ类分子

  13. 1、树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC) • 典型树突状形态 • 功能最强的APC

  14. DC分类 根据起源 • 淋巴系DC • 滤泡DC (FDC) • 髓系DC(CD11c+) • 郎格汉斯细胞 (LC) • 并指状DC (IDC)

  15. 并指状树突细胞 滤泡状 树突细胞 B细胞

  16. 未成熟DC和成熟DC • 未成熟DC(Immature DC) • 皮肤、胃肠道、呼吸道等上皮内及实质器官间质内 • 摄取抗原并迁移至引流淋巴器官 • 胞饮(吞饮) • 受体介导内吞 • 吞噬弱 • 表达低水平的MHC分子、协同刺激分子和粘附分子

  17. 成熟过程中的重要变化: 表达趋化因子受体,获得向引流淋巴结迁移的能力 加工递呈抗原,表达大量肽-MHC复合物 协同刺激分子和粘附分子表达上调 成熟DC(Mature DC) 淋巴结,脾及派氏集合淋巴管 高表达MHC分子、协同刺激分子及粘附分子 很强的抗原递呈能力

  18. 上皮组织中的LC • 捕捉外来抗原后即进入引流淋巴结的T细胞区,成为IDC

  19. 2、巨噬细胞(Macrophage, Mφ)

  20. 前单核细胞(骨髓) 单核细胞(血液) 巨噬细胞(组织器官) 来源、分布

  21. 单 核 巨 噬 细 胞 • 单核细胞体积较大,蹄状核(左,普通光镜) • 透射电镜显示其高尔基体发达、线粒体丰富、胞浆颗粒明显(中) • 扫描电镜显示腹腔巨噬细胞粘附于玻璃表面(右)

  22. 功能 • 吞噬消灭病原体 • 加工递呈抗原,激发特异性免疫应答 • 免疫应答的效应细胞

  23. MΦ摄取抗原途径 胞吞作用 • 吞噬 • 吞饮 • 受体介导内吞

  24. 模式识别受体 (pattern recognition receptors,PRR)

  25. 3、B细胞

  26. B细胞摄取抗原途径 • 加工递呈可溶性抗原 • BCR介导内吞 • 特异性 • 高效性

  27. 第二节 抗原加工递呈途径Antigen Processing and Presentation Pathways MHCⅡ类途径 MHCⅠ类途径 非经典途径

  28. 概述 • T细胞不能直接识别游离蛋白Ag, 只能通过TCR识别Ag肽-MHC分子复合物 • CD4+T---Ag肽-MHCⅡ分子复合物 • CD8+T---Ag肽-MHCⅠ分子复合物

  29. Y The site of pathogen replication or mechanism of antigen uptake determines the antigen processing pathway used EXTRACELLULAR OR ENDOSOMAL REPLICATION Y Vesicular Compartment Contiguous with extracellular fluid Exogenous processing (Streptococcal, Mycobacterial antigens) INTRACELLULAR REPLICATION Cytosolic compartment Endogenous processing (Viral antigens)

  30. Y Antigens generated by endogenous and exogenous antigen processing activate different effector functions EXOGENOUS PATHOGENS Y ENDOGENOUS PATHOGENS Eliminated by: Antibodies and phagocyte activation by T helper cellsthat use antigens generated by EXOGENOUS PROCESSING Eliminated by: Killing of infected cells byCTL that use antigens generated by ENDOGENOUS PROCESSING

  31. 一、外源性抗原加工递呈途径 • Exogenous processing and presentation pathway • MHC class Ⅱ pathway 外源性Ag经MHCⅡ类分子递呈

  32. 阶段: 外源性抗原的摄取、加工 MHCⅡ类分子的合成及转运 MHCⅡ类分子荷肽 递呈给CD4+T细胞 MHCⅡ类途径

  33. 1、外源性抗原的摄取、加工处理 • Uptake and degradation of exogenous antigens • APC以胞吞作用摄入Ag,形成内体 • 内体与溶酶体融合形成内体/溶酶体 • Ag被蛋白酶降解成Ag肽 抗原加工区室(compartments)

  34. Y Y Y APC以胞吞作用摄入Ag,形成内体 Membrane Ig receptor mediated uptake Y Phagocytosis Complement receptor mediated phagocytosis Pinocytosis Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis Uptake of exogenous antigens

  35. Cell surface Uptake Endosomes Increase in acidity To lysosomes Exogenous pathway Protein antigens In endosome Cathepsin B, D and L proteases are activated by the decrease in pH

  36. 2、MHCⅡ类分子的合成及转运 • Biosynthesis and transportation of MHC classⅡ molecules • 粗面内质网中MHCⅡ类分子合成 • 与Ii链结合成 (αβIi)3复合物

  37. MHC class II maturation and invariant chain In the Endoplasmic Reticulum Need to prevent newly synthesised, self proteins from binding to immature MHC Invariant chain stabilises MHC class II by binding to the immature MHC class II molecule

  38. Conception • Ⅰi链 • Ⅰa-associated invariant chain,Ⅰa分子相关的不变链 • 协助Ⅱ类分子折叠和装配 • 阻止Ⅱ类分子与ER中的新合成的肽或内源性抗原肽结合 • 引导Ⅱ类分子进入内体

  39. Structure of invariant chain Three extended peptides each bind into the grooves of three MHC class II molecules to form the nonomeric complex

  40. andbchains of MHC class II molecules CLIP CLIP of invariant chain CLass II associated Invariant chain Peptide (CLIP) A peptide of the invariant chain blocks the MHC molecule binding site

  41. Conception • CLIP • Class Ⅱ-associated invariant chain peptide ,Ⅱ类分子相关的不变链多肽 • Ⅰi链中81位至104位氨基酸残基的肽段结构 • 能与所有MHCⅡ类分子抗原结合槽相结合

  42. 3、MHCⅡ类分子荷肽 • Peptide-loading of MHC class Ⅱ molecules • Ⅰi链引导下Ⅱ类分子进入内体(MⅡC) • Ⅰi链降解,Ⅱ类分子肽结合槽中保留CLIP • HLA-DM催化,CLIP与肽结合槽解离 • HLA-DM编选,高亲和力肽与Ⅱ类分子结合 ——Ag肽-MHCⅡ类分子形成

  43. Cell surface Endosomes Uptake Class II associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) MHC Class II containing vesicles fuse with antigen containing vesicles (Ii)3 complexes directed towards endosomes by invariant chain Cathepsin L degrades Invariant chain CLIP blocks groove in MHC molecule

  44. Removal of CLIP ? How can the peptide stably bind to a floppy binding site? Competition between large number of peptides

  45. HLA-DM HLA-DR Sequence in cytoplasmic tail retains HLA-DM in endosomes HLA-DM catalyses the removal of CLIP MIIC compartment HLA-DM Replaces CLIP with a peptide antigen using a catalytic mechanism

More Related