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Biotechnology Overview

Biotechnology Overview. Create a Frayer Diagram graphic organizer. Manipulating DNA. Genomics. Biotechnology. Genetic Engineering. Genetic Screening. Diagram layout. Cut DNA with restriction enzymes At specific locations Gel electrophoresis creates maps of the DNA

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Biotechnology Overview

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  1. Biotechnology Overview Create a Frayer Diagram graphic organizer

  2. Manipulating DNA Genomics Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Genetic Screening Diagram layout

  3. Cut DNA with restriction enzymes • At specific locations • Gel electrophoresis creates maps of the DNA • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- copies DNA • DNA Fingerprint – molecular identification for an individual • Forensics, Paternity and kinship, study biodiversity changes. Manipulating DNA

  4. Adding or changing DNA • Cloning • Genetically identical copy • Plants clone through regeneration; animals clone via nuclear transfer • Adding Genes • Recombinant DNA – most often uses bacterial plasmids • Transgenic organisms – contains genes from multiple organisms (i.e. GMOs) • Gene Knockout – Turning off specific genes Genetic Engineering

  5. Study of Genomes • Gene sequencing – maps the order of the nucleotide sequence • Human Genome Project • Completed in 2003 (nucleotide order) • Today – locating the specific locations of genes on chromosomes • Bioinformatics – analyze biodata • DNA microarrays – analyzing many genes at once • Proteomics – study and compare protein structures based on gene information Genomics

  6. Determine the risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder • Gene Therapy – Replacing defective or missing genes • Use stem cells (bone marrow) • “suicide” genes in cancer cells • Genetic Counseling – Use information from gene sequencing to counsel individuals about genetic risk factors. Genetic Screening

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