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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Definitions to put in your “Definitions” section of your binder. Central nervous system: the brain and spinal chord Spinal cord: nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and the brain

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. Definitions to put in your “Definitions” section of your binder Central nervous system: the brain and spinal chord Spinal cord: nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and the brain Peripheral nervous system: nerves branching beyond the spinal cord into the body

  3. Definitions to put in your “Definitions” section of your binder Neurons: the long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain Synapse: the gap that exists between individual nerve cells Neurotransmitters: the chemicals released by neurons which determine the rate at which other neurons fire.

  4. Definitions to put in your “Definitions” section of your binder Somatic Nervous System (SNS): the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles Autonomic nervous system (ANS): the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

  5. How the nervous system works -The nervous system is broken into 2 parts… ->the central nervous system (CNS) ->the peripheral nervous system (PNS) *transmit information from the organs to the CNS and vice versa -All nerves are protected ->brain by the skull and sheathing ->spinal cord by vertebrae -> PNS by sheathing

  6. Neurons -Messages from and to the brain travel in nerves (long strings of neurons) ->this is via electrical signals emitted as a signal once the neuron is stimulated past the minimum, or threshold level. -part of a Neuron ->Dendritess: thin fibres protruding from the cell body ->The cell body -> Axon ->Axon terminals

  7. Neurons -the axon carries impulses from the cell body toward axon terminals which release neurotransmitters to stimulate the dendrites of the next neuron Video of neurons firing http://youtu.be/T6NhLfZuYIg Video of neurotransmitter close-up http://youtu.be/90cj4NX87Yk http://youtu.be/cNaFnRKwpFk

  8. Neurons -The synapse: the junction or connection between two neurons. ->this is jumped by neurotransmitters * neurotransmitters excite the receptors in the next neuron -several types of neurotransmitters -> too much or too little neurotransmitters can cause emotional and physical disfunction

  9. Neurons -Different types of neurons ->Afferent neurons (sensory neurons) relay messages from our senses ->Efferent neurons (motor neurons) send signals from brain to muscles and glands ->Interneurons process signals between neurons

  10. Voluntary and Involuntary -SNS controls voluntary activity ->muscles etc. -ANS controls involuntary activity ->organs, heartbeat, etc.

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