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Friday, October 10, 2013

Friday, October 10, 2013. “And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom” ~ Anis Nin. S.C. Standards for Today : B-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells and their organelles .

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Friday, October 10, 2013

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  1. Friday, October 10, 2013 “And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom” ~ Anis Nin S.C. Standards for Today: B-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells and their organelles. Today’s Objectives: • Review Quiz on Transport • Cell Surface-to-Volume Ratio • Cell Cycle Introduction • Cell Mitosis and Cytokinesis Activity Reminder: Cell Project Due 10/16/13! Warm Up: • What happens if one cell dies on your hand or foot? Does every cell die? Does your foot fall off? • What does the body do in order to replace dead cells?

  2. The Cell Cycle

  3. The Cell Cycle • Draw a large circle on your page • Divide into 4 parts like this:

  4. Interphase: G1 Phase (Growth) S Phase (Synthesis) G2 Phase (Growth) MPhase (Mitosis) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis G0 No division will take place C M A T P G1 G2 S G0

  5. The Cell Cycle • Why should cells divide? • Maintenance and Repair • If you cut your finger, it doesn’t stay like that! • DNA Functioning • When a cell grows, it doesn’t produce more DNA • Nutrients and Wastes Movement • The cell has to move

  6. Interphase • G1 Phase • Cell grows, makes proteins • S Phase • DNA replicates (synthesizes) • G2 Phase • Growing, getting ready for cell division

  7. Interphase

  8. M Phase: Mitosis • Prophase • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, becomes visible • Nuclear membrane disappears • Centriolesseparate to opposite poles • Spindlefibersform, grow toward center • Longest phase (50-60% of mitosis)

  9. Prophase

  10. Chromosomes • In Interphase, DNA in long thin threads, called CHROMATIN. Here, in S phase, they duplicate (replicate, synthesize) • As Prophase begins, CHROMATINwinds up (condenses) into Chromosomes. • Made of two sister Chromatids, joined at the Centromere.

  11. A Duplicated Chromosome

  12. Interphase • G1 Phase • Cell grows, makes proteins • S Phase • DNA replicates (synthesizes) • G2 Phase • Growing, getting ready for cell division

  13. This is interphase’s chromatin, long thin strands of proteins and DNA. Only later in mitosis’ beginning, Prophase, will this condense and coil up into the classic looking X shaped structures, termed chromosomes. Coiled chromosomes

  14. M Phase: Mitosis • Metaphase • Chromosomes line up at cell’s equator • Spindle fibers connect to chrom. • Shortest phase of mitosis

  15. Metaphase

  16. M Phase: Mitosis • Anaphase • Centromeres that join the sister chromatids split • Sister chromatids separate, becoming individual chrom. • They now move to opposites sides of cell

  17. Anaphase

  18. M Phase: MITOSIS • Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm division • In animals, cleavage furrow pinches cell in two. • In plants, a cell plate forms, becoming the new wall.

  19. Cytokinesis: Animal

  20. Cytokinesis: Animal

  21. Cytokinesis: Plants

  22. M Phase: MITOSIS

  23. Practice

  24. Cell Cycle Activity • You will be assigned a partner • You and your partner will work together to arrange the stages of Mitosis and Cytokinesis in the proper order • Let us know when you are finished!

  25. Exit Ticket • What type of cell division is responsible for the repair of your skin following a sunburn? • During which phase of the cell cycle does growth occur? • Which of the following is true regarding prophase?

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