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Explore the characteristics of instrumental music in the Baroque Era, including the violin in the Baroque era, wind instruments such as the recorder and oboe, brass and percussion instruments, keyboards like the clavichord and harpsichord, and the different genres of instrumental music like the sonata.
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Chapter Ten Instrumental Music,1600-1750
Violin (in the Baroque Era) • Bass-bar smaller & lighter • Neck – less angled (lower tension on strings) • Bridge – lower (& flatter) • Fingerboard – shorter (reducing upper range) • Pre-Tourte bow • Modern vs. Baroque Violin
Wind Instruments (Baroque) • Recorder (flauto) • Flauto traverso (German flute) • Oboe • Bassoon
Brass & Percussion (Baroque) • Trumpet • Horn • Trombone • Timpani • Baroque Orchestra- Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. 2
Keyboards (Baroque) • Clavichord • Harpsichord • Pianoforte – invented c. 1709 • Organ- Cornell’s Baroque Organ Project • From the Clavichord to the Modern Piano(Pt 1 of 2) [Pt 2 follows end of video]
Instrumental Genres (Baroque) • Sonata – “da sonare” – to be sounded- instrumental technique (no vocal models)- wide ranging numbers (1-2 up to ?)- “chamber music” • Concerto – “to work together”- larger groups (multiple players on parts)- based in contrasts (small/solo vs. whole) • Suite – collections of dance pieces- keyboards- ensembles
Sonatas • Developed from the canzona tradition- pieces “to be sounded”- Biagio Marini, Sonata per il violino con due corde • Preference to two upper parts over b.c- Trio Sonata (3 parts, but maybe more players)- Maurizio Cazzati, Sonata “La Strozza” • Anth I/89 – violin & b.c. = “solo sonata”- Isabella Leonarda, Sonata duodecima (1693) • Separate Movements – self-contained units- Giovanni Legrenzi, Sonata Op.2 No.1 La Cornara
Sonatas (2) • Classed by usage • Sonata da camera (chamber) = dance suite- Corelli, Op. 2, No. 10 • Sonata da chiesa (church)- Corelli, Op. 1, No. 5- slow, fast, slow, fast • Solo Sonata (violin & b.c.)- ornamentation in slow mvts (see textbook, p. 265) Archangelo Corelli (1653-1713)