1 / 56

Research Enterprise: Value for National Development

Research Enterprise: Value for National Development. Gbemisola Oke gbemioke2001@yahoo.co.uk. Definition of  enterprise. 1 :   a project or undertaking that is especially difficult, complicated, or risky

cheryle
Download Presentation

Research Enterprise: Value for National Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Research Enterprise: Value for National Development Gbemisola Oke gbemioke2001@yahoo.co.uk

  2. Definition of enterprise • 1:  a project or undertaking that is especially difficult, complicated, or risky • 2:  readiness to engage in daring or difficult action :showed great enterprise in dealing with the crisis • 3a:  a unit of economic organization or activity; especially:a business organization • b:a systematic purposeful activitye.g : agriculture is the main economic enterprise among these people

  3. Why are we here? – Why does UI Exist? Vision: To be a World-Class Institution for Academic Excellence geared towards Societal needs

  4. What do World-Class Institutions do? eg • “The modern research university has a dual mission: • to educate its students • and to discover new knowledge through scholarship.  • These two missions enhance and inform one another: students at a research university in many instances are taught by the discoverers of the information.. • and the classroom’s free exchange of ideas can help sharpen research.” • NYU

  5. The quality of the research enterprise is what truly distinguishes a great university…… eg • permitting it to draw in the most talented scholars and the top students.  NYU’s faculty are at the forefront of their scholarly disciplines, • and their research helps shape the understanding of an enormous range of academic fields: from the mathematical sciences to economics, from philosophy to neural science, from art history to sociology. • In recognition of the quality of this research, NYU received approximately $200 million in government funds in 2008.

  6. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) eg • through its Lean Advancement Initiative (LAI) research team has been conducting research in enterprise-level transformations in large complex sociotechnical enterprises since its inception in 1993. • The focus of this research has been aimed at determining effective strategies for successful enterprise transformation. Additionally, enterprise transformation and architecting is being pursued • Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Division, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 33-312, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 2

  7. Department of Pediatrics at the University of Utah eg dedicated to research to improve the health and well-being of children at all life stages. Our researchers and clinicians conduct a broad range of research to advance this goal. The goal is the bench-to-bedside translation of T0 to T4 research. • Theystudy basic cellular and genetic mechanisms of health and disease; environmental and social factors impacting health; the economics and implementation of care; epidemiology of diseases; trials of new therapies and approaches; and direct care for children. • The Research Enterprise in the Department of Pediatrics oversees and coordinates research; manages clinical trials; offers research support services; and conducts research education, to promote and assist pediatric research and extramural funding.

  8. Research and development (R&D) • It comprises creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of human knowledge • and to devise new applications based upon them

  9. Types of Research • Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. • Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. • Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

  10. “……holistic understanding of the research enterprise….. • ……as a complex, dynamic system”. • This understanding illuminates why America's research enterprise has historically been so successful; where attention should be focused to increase the societal benefits of research investments.

  11. Research Spending as % of GDP

  12. Israel and Korea are the biggest spenders on R&D at 4.21% and 4.15% of GDP respectively. Japan, Finland and Sweden complete the top 5. • Germany and the United States have similar levels of R&D investment at just under 3%, and while China has built its economy making products designed and developed overseas, its research spend is rapidly catching up at 2% of GDP. • Of the OECD member nations, Chile spends the least on R&D at 0.36%, with Romania and Mexico only slightly ahead. • OECD – Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development since 1961 34 developed nations

  13. Global research system expanding • Total, world research and development expenditure in 2012 = US$1.4 trillion, about 80% is attributable to 10 countries. • The OECD would account for 70% of world research expenditure • OECD spending reaching over US$1.1 trillion in 2012. • BRICS bloc [Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa] spent an additional US$330 billion,”Top-spending America at around US$454 billion that year. • China was the second largest R&D spender in 2012, allocating US$294 billion

  14. Why do nations invest in Research?

  15. New knowledge and new technologies • Governments, businesses, and philanthropic organizations around the world recognized: • that knowledge and new technologies can pay rich economic and social dividends. • These investments dramatic influence on human life. • Science and technology have • raised living standards, • improved health, and • augmented the ability of people to access information and communicate with each other.

  16. A shift to Universities……. • Since 2002, the growth of the science base in the United States and the European Union has been driven by universities, which have seen a robust increase in their expenditures. Over time, there has also been a shift towards university-based research across the OECD,” “In China, the growth of scientific activity has been driven by public research institutes, in particular by large investments by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

  17. The US is home to 35 of the world’s top 50 universities and accounts for 26% of world articles in science and engineering.

  18. This pattern is changing! Emerging economies are rapidly expanding their higher education systems. in 2011 the BRICS granted more than 7.3 million university degrees, compared with 8.5 million in the OECD area. Russia trained more engineers than the United States, while Indonesia trained more engineers than Germany.“Chinese universities awarded over 27,000 doctorates in science and engineering in 2011, possibly more than their American counterparts (24,792). The doctoral graduation rate in all disciplines in China (2.2%) is now equivalent to that of Denmark (2.2%) and Austria (2.1%),”

  19. Richard F. Celeste, Ann Griswold, and Miron L. Straf, Editors; Committee on Assessing the Value of Research in Advancing National Goals; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council • Discoveries from scientific research have extended our understanding of the physical and natural world, the cosmos, society, and of humans - their minds, bodies, and economic and other social interactions.

  20. Through these discoveries… • science has enabled longer and healthier lives, • provided for a better-educated citizenry, • enhanced the national economy, and strengthened America's position in the global economy.

  21. IDEAL SITUATION - ON STI ELEMENTS POSSIBILITIES AND APPLICATIONS (D) TECHNOLOGY FACTS AND FIGURES (R) SOLUTIONS AND PRODUCTS SCIENCE INNOVATION

  22. CONVERGENCE- STI MATRIX POSSIBILITIES AND APPLICATIONS (D) R&D T ST TI STI S I SI FACTS AND FIGURES (R) SOLUTIONS AND PRODUCTS THIS IS THE SWEET SPOT

  23. INNOVATIVE ECONOMIES

  24. Degree of innovativeness

  25. Translating Research into Innovation ALL innovation including SOCIAL INNOVATION Only 0.07% of Global Patent Applications from Africa 2008 World competitiveness Yearbook

  26. Translating Research into Innovation ALL innovation including SOCIAL INNOVATION Only 0.07% of Global Patent Applications from Africa 2008 World competitiveness Yearbook

  27. Patenting as one indicator of innovation

  28. U.S. Patent and Trademark officeInYear2000 Alone!

  29. REALITIES - Nigeria • POPULATION (180 MILLION) • POVERTY (60 – 70%) • WEAK PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE • POLITY/GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES • WEAK THE EDUCATION SYSTEM • WEAK “LOCAL” INDUSTRIES • UNEMPLOYMENT • CRIME • ETC

  30. Classroom Setting- Familiar Sight!

  31. To contribute to the transformation of society through creativity and Innovation

  32. STI INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE – May 2015 • 140Universities- 42 Fed, 44 States, ? Private • 98 COE, • 125 Polytechnics, • Over 300 Research Institutions, Industries ?) • PhDs?, Engineers?, Doctors?, Architects?, Diaspora ?, • Labs?, Workshops?, Libraries?

  33. AAU – in 2012 • Commissioned a research titled “Strengthening University-Industry Linkages in Africa: A Study of Institutional Capacities and Gaps”. • most research in Africa is conducted at universities, placing these institutions at the centre of their national innovation systems.

  34. Yet…… • . ….across much of Africa, universities have minimal linkages with the productive sector at every level, from big industry, to agricultural producers, to medium-and-small scale enterprises. • Relatively few African universities have and manage technology incubators or science parks at their institutions.

  35. Researcher- Industry Trust • When industries and corporate sees that research institutions can boost their productivity they are likely to set aside more money for commissioning universities to conduct researches, hence more funding for universities

  36. University-industry partnerships • In the field of science and technology are complex • Informal mechanisms, • publication of research results, • employee mobility • informal exchanges between scientists • Formal contractual mechanisms • universities and industries enter into formal relations in the field of scientific and technological research and development. • may imply the transfer of technology developed within universities, • consultancies and transfer of know-how, • collaborative research projects, sponsored research or other similar arrangements. The protection and licensing of intellectual property rights is here identified as one possible mechanism for the transfer of technology

  37. By the Way! Responsible Conduct in the Global Research Enterprise • Research has become so important to society that protection of its core values and norms is critical • Many national and international organizations have issued statements that describe the basic responsibilities and obligations of researchers.

  38. Ethical Conduct in Research • Protection of human research subjects • Nonhuman laboratory animals. • Many countries have adopted such laws in reaction to widely publicized examples of wrongdoing, such as the human experiments undertaken by the Nazis, the Tuskegee syphilis study of the U.S. Public Health Service, and incidents

  39. The Changing Face of Science • Interdisciplinary research has become increasingly important and has contributed to major advances • For example, disciplines may have very different conventions for determining the order of authors listed on a publication. If these differences are not acknowledged and dealt with upfront, disagreements may surface later.

  40. Influencing Our Society To contribute to the transformation of society through creativity and Innovation

  41. STORAGE

  42. Bring Technology to bear

  43. UI –IP Policy and Activities

  44. Total Patents Attracted • Much more than these. • Derived from International linkages • Research funding on various projects • In the region of 100s of Million USD • On malaria, HIV/AIDS, Drugs etc • Patents belong to funders!

  45. Commercialization Platform • Hardly in existence! • Policy • Venture Capital • University – Industry Linkage • Enforcement

More Related