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What would happen if the number of protons were to change in an atom?

What would happen if the number of protons were to change in an atom? Here are three isotopes of an element: 12 C 6, 13 C 6, 14 C 6 a. The element is: __________________ b. The number 6 refers to the ____ c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the _____

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What would happen if the number of protons were to change in an atom?

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  1. What would happen if the number of protons were to change in an atom? • Here are three isotopes of an element: 12 C 6, 13 C 6, 14 C 6 • a. The element is: __________________ • b. The number 6 refers to the ____ • c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the _____ • d. How many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope? _________________ • e. How many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope? _________________ • f. How many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope? _________________

  2. Isotopes and Ions Variations on the Atom Dr. M. Hazlett Mandeville High School

  3. Isotopes • All atoms of an element have the SAME number of protons (p+) • The p+ number is the atomic number (Z) • This is a constant • For example: All Sodium (Na) atoms have 11 p+ • If an atom loses a proton, it becomes a different element • If Na loses 1 p+, then it has become Neon (Ne)

  4. Z = atomic number = p+ • The number of protons identifies the atom and which element it is • In a stable atom: • # p+ = # n0 = # e- • Thus, Na in its stable form has 11 p+; 11 n0; and 11 e- • If it has an unequal number of p+ and n0, then it is called an ISOTOPE

  5. Theoretically – an element can have as many isotopes of itself as it has neutrons, or it can add an unlimited number of n0 • For example: H has 3; C has 16; Al has 25 • These can be looked up in the CRC (the Chemistry/Physics Data Bible) or on the internet • Remember – a change in the number of n0 does not change the element’s atom – only a change in the number of protons can do that!

  6. The Carbon Isotope

  7. Ions • Ions are when an atom has an unequal number of p+ and e- • Remember – a stable atom has a neutral overall charge due its equal number of p+ and e- • When an atom loses or gains an e-, its charge changes accordingly • Loss of e- means a + charge; gaining an e- means a – charge for the atom

  8. Losing or Gaining e- . . . . . • If an atom loses an e-, then it has more p+ than e- and it will have an overall positive charge • Different elements’ atoms can lose 1, 2, 3, or even 4 electrons depending on various factors • If an atom has LOST e-, then it is called a CATION or a positive ion • A Cation would be written as Al+ (the one being understood) or Al+3

  9. Atoms can also gain electrons • If an atom gains electrons (from 1 up to 4), then it will have more e- than p+ and will end up having an overall negative charge • A negatively charged ionis called an ANION • The element is shown this like: Na- (the 1 is understood) or Na-2 • The losing or gaining of electrons determines what type of bonds the atoms will form, and which atoms will bond to others

  10. Group Names to KnowGroup 1 = Alkali MetalsGroup 2 = Alkaline Earth MetalsGroups 3 to 12 = Transition MetalsGroup 16 = ChalcogensGroup 17 = HalogensGroup 18 = Noble Gases

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